Chapter 2 Diamond

Question 1

3rd Wave Started?

Answer 1

Carnation Revolution, April 25 1974 Portugal

Question 2

Carnation Revolution Cause

Answer 2

Lack of mechanism to express political discontent, falling behind western europe

Question 3

Other components of third wave

Answer 3

Greek Military Government defeat at Cyprus to Turkey

Question 4

Other components of third wave

Answer 4

Francisco Franco death, King Juan Carlos negotiates democratic transition. Pact of Moncloa created balance of factional powers, constraints used as a model throughout Latin America later on

Question 5

Other components of third wave

Answer 5

Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru transition 1978-1980

Question 6

Other components of third wave

Answer 6

Argentine dictatorship collapses after Falklands defeat in 1982. Brazil transitions from military regime by 1985.

Question 7

Reverse Wave of Democratization

Answer 7

Turkey, Nigeria, Ghana

Question 8

Large proportion of democratization in early 80s

Answer 8

was in microstates with under 1m population - in terms of countries democratized, there was some significant progress, in terms of places not as much so

Question 9

1986 People Power Revolution Philippines

Answer 9

Marcos calls snap election, opposition unifies against him, rigs vote, gets caught by citizen monitoring effort. Peaceful protests force him to exile.

Question 10

1986 Taiwan

Answer 10

Martial law lifted, opposition allowed

Question 11

1989 China

Answer 11

Tinnamen Square

Question 12

1989 Second Phase/or Fouth Wave

Answer 12

Communism Collapse Begins in East Europe

Question 13

1989 Collapse Process

Answer 13

Hungary opens border with Austria, east germans flee. East German Communist Party boss resigns to protests.

Question 14

December 1989

Answer 14

Ceasescu death, christmas resignation of Gorbachev

Question 15

Africa adds liberation movements after soviet collapse

Answer 15

Benin democratizes, 1991 Mandela released

Question 16

Initial Causes of Third Wave

Answer 16

Internal greivances - Loss of war, murder of opposition, death of Franco (spain)

Question 17

Third Wave Snowballing

Answer 17

Phillipines leads to South Korean movement, Polish, East Germany influece East Europe. South African transition controlled based on observations in others

Question 18

Negotiation/Reconcilation/Pacted Transitions

Answer 18

Not calculated democratization by elites, as previously thought, but civil society playing adversarial negotiating force

Question 19

Electoral Process

Answer 19

Dictators overestimated popularity and control. Constant losses by dictators during elections meant to prove support.

Question 20

Birth of new Independent States

Answer 20

Dozens established since wave began, adoption/enthusiasm for democracy in these helped give momentum to wave event

Question 21

Exception to Third Wave

Answer 21

Middle East