Chapter 2: Developmental Tasks and Health Promotion across the Lifespan Flashcards
Jean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development. Which of the following statements is true about these stages?
a. A child’s current stage is determined by the child’s age.
b. Each stage builds on the foundations of the previous stages.
c. Each stage is distinct and clearly separate from the other stages.
d. A child who is “gifted” may actually skip a stage and move on to a higher stage.
b.
Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development proposes eight stages of ego development. Each stage involves a “bipolar issue.” Which of the following statements regarding these crises is true?
a. There is always an absolute resolution to each crisis.
b. Most people never resolve all the crises and therefore never complete all eight stages.
c. If a crisis during a certain stage cannot be resolved, a person generally skips that stage.
d. Issues can be resolved along a continuum, with a mix of positive and negative outcomes.
d.
If a mother hides a building block under her baby’s blanket and the baby looks for it, the nurse recognizes that the baby has started to develop the concept of:
a. relativism.
b. object prehension.
c. separation anxiety.
d. object permanence.
d.
A baby is able to sit unsupported before he or she begins to crawl. This is true because development of gross motor skills:
a. occurs in a cephalocaudal direction.
b. occurs in a distal to proximal direction.
c. is generally the result of a baby’s chronological age.
d. is simply the result of the baby’s increased desire to move.
a.
An 18-month-old child is brought to the well-child clinic for a routine visit. The nurse observes the following: a rounded “pot belly” abdomen, marked lordosis “sway back,” short and slightly bowed legs, and a large head. The nurse concludes that the child:
a. has the physique of a normal toddler.
b. should be assessed for possible hydrocephalus.
c. may have a vitamin deficiency or some form of malnutrition.
d. probably has delayed physical maturation, especially of the long bones.
a
Which Erikson’s stage does toilet training represent?
a. Initiative versus guilt
b. Integrity versus despair
c. Industry versus inferiority
d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
d.
To which of Piaget’s stages does the ability to think about history and philosophy and analyze and use scientific reasoning correspond?
a. Formal operations
b. Sensorimotor skills
c. Concrete operations
d. Preoperational skills
a.
The developmental crisis of generativity versus stagnation could be resolved by:
a. travelling around the world.
b. having and raising a family.
c. buying a large house and filling it with loved belongings.
d. changing jobs frequently to get a feel for what was “missed in youth.”
b.
Which of the following statements best describes the tasks of late adulthood?
a. Older adults must quickly try to resolve the conflicts of earlier times.
b. Older adults must accept that they cannot change the past and make peace with their lives.
c. Older adults generally feel great sadness and worry about death; this allows them to accept their mortality.
d. Older adults must never feel satisfied with their lives because it gives them goals to achieve in the future.
b.
A 24-month-old child is brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. His mother describes him as a child who falls apart if she changes even the smallest thing in his environment. The nurse tells his mother that this behaviour:
a. is unusual in a toddler because negativism generally does not emerge until age 3.
b. indicates that he is insecure and probably has not successfully developed trust in infancy.
c. can be expected from toddlers because they typically experience ritualism and global thinking.
d. indicates that he has been spoiled and she should change things in his environment frequently to get him used to it.
c.
Levinson proposed a view of middle adulthood that differed from Erikson’s. Which of the following statements best illustrates Levinson’s views?
a. The main task of middle-aged adults is to overcome boredom with life.
b. Career reassessment in middle age is rare because of the fear of change at this age.
c. Middle age is a time when adults push to meet the goals that were set at a younger age.
d. Middle-aged adults adjust goals and emerge with a new perception of the self and the environment.
d
At the well-child clinic, a nurse is educating the mother of an 8-month-old child about health and safety. Which of the following statements is appropriate for this age?
a. Stair guards or gates are important to use for the child at this age.
b. A car seat is not necessary if a lap-shoulder belt is used.
c. The home’s hot water heater should be set at 57ºC (135ºF.)
d. Children at this age are prime candidates for toilet training because they are receptive to new ideas.
a.
The nurse is teaching a class to daycare providers. Which of the following statements about growth, development, and preschoolers should be included?
a. Preschoolers are highly egocentric.
b. They are capable of delayed imitation.
c. They are still very unaware of gender and sex.
d. Preschoolers “pretend” to reduce anxiety about their sex roles.
b.
An infant weighs 3.2 kg (7 lb.) at birth. During the well-child visit 6 months later, the nurse would expect the infant to weigh at least:
a. 5.5 kg (12 lb).
b. 6.4 kg (14 lb).
c. 7.7 kg (17 lb)
d. 9.5 kg (21 lb).
b.
Erikson’s stage of ego integrity versus despair could be described as:
a. an adjustment to the tasks of middle age.
b. being productive and contributing to society.
c. cataloguing life events to gain a feeling of satisfaction.
d. a time to review career goals and possibly change paths to avoid despair.
c.
The nurse is providing counsel to a father about his 2-year-old daughter’s eating habits. He is concerned because she seems “not to eat anything anymore.” The nurse tells him that this is normal because:
a. of a decrease in activity.
b. of a slower period of growth.
c. growth stops for a while at age 2 years.
d. the basal metabolic rate decreases at this age.
b.
