Chapter 1: Critical Thinking in Health Assessment Flashcards
After completing an initial assessment on a patient, the nurse has charted that his respirations are eupneic and his pulse is 58. This type of data would be:
a. objective.
b. reflective.
c. subjective.
d. introspective.
a. objective
A patient tells the nurse that he is very nervous, that he is nauseated, and that he “feels hot.” This type of data would be:
a. objective.
b. reflective.
c. subjective.
d. introspective.
c. subjective
The patient’s record, laboratory studies, objective data, and subjective data together form the:
a. database.
b. admitting data.
c. financial statement.
d. discharge summary.
a. database
When listening to a patient’s breath sounds, the nurse is unsure about a sound that is heard. The nurse should:
a. notify the patient’s physician immediately.
b. document the sound exactly as it was heard.
c. validate the data by asking a co-worker to listen to the breath sounds.
d. assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.
c. Validate the data by asking a co-worker to listen to the breath sounds
Novice nurses, without a background of skills and experience to draw from, are more likely to make their decisions using:
a. intuition.
b. a set of rules.
c. articles in journals.
d. advice from supervisors.
b. a set of rules
Expert nurses learn to attend to a pattern of assessment data and act without consciously labelling it. This is referred to as:
a. intuition.
b. the nursing process.
c. clinical knowledge.
d. diagnostic reasoning.
a.
Critical thinking in the expert nurse is greatly enhanced by opportunities to:
a. apply theory in real situations.
b. work with physicians to provide patient care.
c. follow physician orders in providing patient care.
d. develop nursing diagnoses for commonly occurring illnesses.
a.
Which of the following is an example of a first-level priority problem?
a. A patient with postoperative pain
b. A newly diagnosed patient with diabetes who needs teaching about diabetes
c. An individual with a small laceration on the sole of the foot
d. An individual with shortness of breath and respiratory distress
d.
Which of the following are considered second-level priority problems?
a. Low self-esteem
b. Lack of knowledge
c. Abnormal laboratory values
d. Severely abnormal vital signs
c.
Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data?
a. Validation
b. Clustering-related cues
c. Identifying gaps in data
d. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant
b.
The nurse knows that developing appropriate nursing interventions for a patient relies on the appropriateness of the:
a. nursing diagnosis.
b. medical diagnosis.
c. admission diagnosis.
d. collaborative diagnosis.
a.
Which five steps are included in the nursing process, which is a sequential method of problem solving?
a. Assessment, treatment, evaluation, discharge, follow-up
b. Admission, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, discharge planning
c. Admission, diagnosis, treatment, evaluation, discharge planning
d. Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
d.
A newly admitted patient is in acute pain, has not been sleeping well lately, and is having difficulty breathing. How should the nurse prioritize these problems?
a. Breathing, pain, sleep
b. Breathing, sleep, pain
c. Sleep, breathing, pain
d. Sleep, pain, breathing
a.
Which of the following would be formulated by a nurse using diagnostic reasoning?
a. Nursing diagnosis
b. Medical diagnosis
c. Diagnostic hypothesis
d. Diagnostic assessment
c.
A nursing diagnosis made by a critical thinker using a dynamic nursing process would identify the actual problem and would also:
a. continue to reassess.
b. predict potential problems.
c. check the appropriateness of goals.
d. modify the diagnosis if necessary.
b.
What is the step of the nursing process that includes data collection through health history taking, physical examination, and interview?
a. Planning
b. Diagnosis
c. Evaluation
d. Assessment
d.
Which of the following statements illustrates the biomedical model of Western traditional views?
a. Health is viewed as the absence of disease.
b. Optimal health is viewed as high-level wellness.
c. Health and disease are considered parts of a cyclical process.
d. The treatment of disease is nursing’s primary focus.
a.
The public’s concept of health has changed since the 1950s. Which of the following statements most accurately describes this change?
a. Lifestyle, personal habits, exercise, and nutrition are essential to health.
b. Assessment of health is critical to identifying disease-causing pathogens.
c. Accurate diagnosis and treatment by a physician are essential for all health care.
d. An individual is considered healthy when signs and symptoms of disease have been eliminated.
a.
Why is the concept of prevention essential in describing health?
a. Disease can be prevented by treating the external environment.
b. The majority of deaths among Canadians under age 65 years is not preventable.
c. Prevention places emphasis on the link between health and personal behaviour.
d. The means to prevention is through treatment provided by primary health care practitioners.
c.
Which of the following statements about nursing diagnoses is true? Nursing diagnoses:
a. evaluate the etiology of disease.
b. are a process based on medical diagnosis.
c. evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
d. focus on the function and malfunction of a specific organ system in response to disease.
c.
An example of objective information obtained during the physical assessment includes the patient’s:
a. history of allergies.
b. use of medications at home.
c. last menstrual period.
d. 2 × 5 cm scar present on the right forearm.
d.
A visiting nurse is making an initial home visit to a patient who has a number of chronic medical problems. Which type of database is most appropriate to collect in this setting?
a. A follow-up database to evaluate changes at appropriate intervals
b. An episodic database because of the continuing, complex medical problems of this patient
c. A complete health database because of the nurse’s primary responsibility for monitoring the patient’s health
d. An emergency database because of the need to rapidly collect information and make accurate diagnoses
c.
Which of the following situations is most appropriate for an episodic history?
a. A patient’s admission to a long-term care facility
b. A patient having sudden, severe shortness of breath
c. A patient’s admission to the hospital for surgery the following day
d. A patient having cold and flu-like symptoms and seen in an outpatient clinic
d.
A patient is at the clinic to have her blood pressure checked. She has been coming to the clinic weekly since her medications were changed 2 months ago. The nurse should:
a. collect a follow-up database and then check the patient’s blood pressure.
b. ask the patient to read her health record and indicate any changes since her last visit.
c. check only the blood pressure because the patient’s complete health history was documented 2 months ago.
d. obtain a complete health history before checking the blood pressure because much of the patient’s information may have changed.
a.
