chapter 2: conflict across america

Question 1

what was the fort laramie treaty of 1851?

Answer 1

an agreement signed between the government and plains indians nations

Question 2

what did the fort laramie treaty mean?

Answer 2

• indian nations promised not to attack travelling settlers on the oregon trail
• allowed some roads and forts to be built on the indians territory

Question 3

what did the indians receive in return for agreeing to the fort laramie treaty?

Answer 3

• payments from the government
• each nation had its own hunting area

Question 4

why did the fort laramie treaty not work?

Answer 4

1854: settlers began to move onto indian lands such as kansas and nebraska
1858: gold was found in colorado and 100,000 settlers moved onto indian lands

Question 5

did the government do anything to stop people moving onto indian lands?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

where did negotiators live?

Answer 6

in the east

Question 7

what did negotiators want?

Answer 7

no violence, to work with the indians

Question 8

where did exterminators live?

Answer 8

mainly in the west, but some were travellers

Question 9

what did exterminators want?

Answer 9

the indians to go, they saw them as a nuisance

Question 10

when was the sand creek massacre?

Answer 10

1864

Question 11

what was the sand creek massacre?

Answer 11

the killing of over 150 cheyenne and arapaho by the us army

Question 12

who was the leader of the cheyenna at the sand creek massacre?

Answer 12

black kettle - one of the most important of the cheyenne leaders

Question 13

what had black kettle agreed to that may have caused the sand creek massacre?

Answer 13

he had agreed to move his band of cheyenne onto a reservation at sand creek

Question 14

what caused the sand creek massacre?

Answer 14

black kettle and his band flew a white flag over their tipi as a symbol of peace. colonel chivington led 700 soldiers in an unprovoked attack on the camp.

Question 15

what were the consequences of the sand creek massacre?

Answer 15

• 150 cheyenne were killed
• although he was initially praised, colonel chivington was later forced to resign his role
• payments were promised to survivors of the massacre

Question 16

when did people realise that the sand creek massacre wasn’t a succes?

Answer 16

when it was revealed that most of the people killed were women, elderly or children

Question 17

when was fetterman’s massacre?

Answer 17

1866

Question 18

what was fetterman’s massacre?

Answer 18

an attack on us soldiers by a group of native americans led by captain fetterman

Question 19

what happened at the fetterman’s massacre?

Answer 19

• fort phil kearney was surrounded by plains indians and soldiers were ordered not to stray too far from the fort, however a group of men ignored this order and rode out to protect a train. the leader of this group (captain fetterman) saw an opportunity to attack and took it
• him and his men were lured into a trap and ambushed by native americans
• all the men were killed and mutilated

Question 20

what were the consequences of fetterman’s massacre?

Answer 20

the second fort laramie treaty was negotiated

Question 21

who do many blame for fetterman’s massacre?

Answer 21

captain fetterman

Question 22

when was the second fort laramie treaty agreed?

Answer 22

1868

Question 23

why was the second fort laramie treaty created?

Answer 23

the government wasn’t able to defeat the plains indians and so were forced to negotiate

Question 24

what were the differences between the north and the south?

Answer 24

north:
- slave free
- industrial
- metal & leather goods
- workers were former, now free slaves
_______________________________________________
south:
- slaves
- agricultural
- sugar, tobacco & cotton
- workers were slaves bought off boats

Question 25

what were the causes of the american civil war?

Answer 25

• abolitionism
• election of lincoln as president
• john brown and harper’s ferry raid
• bleeding kansas
• underground railroad
• uncle tom’s cabin
• spread of cotton growing
• differences between north & south
• westward expansion
• transcontinental railroad

Question 26

what was “uncle tom’s cabin”?

Answer 26

a book written by harriet beecher-stowe in 1851

Question 27

what was “uncle tom’s cabin” about?

Answer 27

a story about a slave who saved his white masters child from death

Question 28

what does the story of “uncle tom’s cabin” show?

Answer 28

it shows slavery as an evil institution and that it destroys families as the slave in the story was split from his family

Question 29

what is significant about the author of “uncle tom’s cabin”?

Answer 29

she was an upper class, white woman

Question 30

who led the underground railroads?

Answer 30

harriet tubman

Question 31

what is significant about harriet tubman?

Answer 31

• she was born a slave
• black, came from a poor family

Question 32

what did harriet tubman do?

Answer 32

followed underground railroads to escape slavery

Question 33

how did harriet tubman help others using the underground railroads?

Answer 33

she helped 70 others escape slavery on a multiple day journey using the underground railroads

Question 34

what happened at ‘bleeding kansas’?

Answer 34

pro slavery supporters poured into kansas to vote for it to become a slave state. it eventually became a slave free state so violence broke out

Question 35

who was john brown?

Answer 35

an anti slavery abolitionist

Question 36

what did john brown do in 1859?

Answer 36

attacked a weapons store at harpers ferry

Question 37

what happened to john brown after he did this?

Answer 37

he was captured and hanged but rumours spread that he was planning to lead an armed slave rebellion

Question 38

what were the consequences of john brown raiding harpers ferry?

Answer 38

• southerners became afraid that the north intended to attack the south and end slavery.
• the south moved away from the union

Question 39

was abraham lincoln for or against slavery?

Answer 39

he was strongly against slavery

Question 40

what happened even though lincoln claimed he had no intention of ending slavery?

Answer 40

lots of southern states left the union in fear. these states formed the confederacy. this was 1 of the triggers for the american civil war

Question 41

what did lincoln created in 1863 and what did it do?

Answer 41

he created emancipation laws which ended slavery for good

Question 42

what were the social impacts of the american civil war?

Answer 42

• emancipation laws
• black people got better education
• 38,000 black people died fighting for the north

Question 43

what were the economic impacts of the american civil war?

Answer 43

• southern economy destroyed (they previously relied on slaves)
• hyperinflation
• railroads destroyed
• cotton industry affected (no slaves)

Question 44

what happened at the mountain meadow massacre?

Answer 44

mormons attacked a group of settlers and blamed it on the indians. they killed a wagon of pioneers as they were rumoured to be taunting the mormons

Question 45

what were the consequences of the mountain meadow massacre?

Answer 45

mormons had to give up polygamy as utah ended polygamy and became a state within the union