Chapter 2: Concepts of Construction Flashcards
consists of all the structural elements and the connections that support and transfer the loads
gravity resistance system
This means that to some degree they will resist fire-caused collapse.
fire resistive
NFPA 5000
Building Construction and Safety Code
what is a force or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes
Load
result of forces applied to a structural member
Stress and strain
the force per unit area that produces a deformation. Measured in psi or psf.
Stress
actual percentage of deformation that occurs when a material is stressed. Measured in fractions of an inch of deformation per inch of original length of the material
Strain
KIP
1000 pounds force
Four types of forces
Compression- force squeezes a structural member
Tension- force that stretches a member, e.g., steel cable
Torsion- a twisting force
Shear- opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions e.g., wind load
the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it.
Dead Load
any loads other than dead loads
Live Load
load distributed over entire area
Uniform live load
What is the name of the load that applies to specific large objects?
Concentrated load
water trapped in a building or on a roof from weather or fire fighting operations is what type of load?
Added Live Load
Waters weight
8.34 lbs/gallon
loads that are delivered in a short time
Impact Loads
force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction
Lateral Impact Load
loads that are applied slowly and remain constant
Static Load
loads that are applied intermittently
Repeated Loads
wall that counteracts the effects of lateral loads
Shear walls
use diagonal members for bracing purposes
Braced frame
use special moment connections between columns and beams that resist rotation.
Moment frame
an arrangement of braces between columns that resemble the letter “K”
K-bracing
the tensile connection members of a truss web
Tie
designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads
Diaphragm floor
Externally braced
Tube Construction
Internally braced
Core Construction
rectangular trusses with very rigid corner bracing
Vierendeel trusses
heavy loads located at one point in a building
Concentrated Loads
load is perpendicular to the plan and passes through the centroid of the section
Evenly applied load
Axial
force that is perpendicular to the plan but does not pass through the center of the section.
Load is concentrated to one side of the center supporting wall or column
Eccentric
potential fuel available to a fire.
Fire Loads
rate of available energy released.
Heat Release Rate (HRR) (also expressed as Q)
Btu (British thermal unit)
the amount of heat required to raise a pound of water one degree.
Suspended Loads
a hanging load supported from above.
Represents the ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress
Safety Factor
Two materials combined to take advantage of the best of each
Composite Materials
transfer loads laterally
Beams
the line along which the length of the beam does not change
Neutral axis
The load carrying capacity of a beam increases____
by the square of its depth
a type of beam, a framed structure consisting of a group of triangles arranged in a single plane.
Truss
Top chord of a truss is in _______. The bottom is in _______.
compression
tension
transmits to the ground the compressive forces applied along the top at any point
Wall
all loads are delivered to the ground through the _________.
foundation
wood joist in masonry walls that have been fire cut to allow the floor to fall downwards
Self-releasing floors
