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Anatomy&Physiology - PreNursing > Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Living Things > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Living Things Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

Chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution

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2
Q

Amino Acids

A

Small molecular units that make up protein molecules

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3
Q

Atom

A

Smallest piece of an element

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4
Q

Base

A

Chemical compound yielding hydroxyl ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water

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5
Q

Buffer

A

A compound that maintains the chemical balance in a living organism

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6
Q

Carbohydrate

A

An organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

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7
Q

Chemical Bond

A

Bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

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8
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of the structure of matter and the composition of substances, their proprieties, and their chemical reactions

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9
Q

Cholesterol

A

A a steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues

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10
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Type of bond in which the atoms share electrons to fill the outermost shell or levels

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11
Q

Protein Synthesis

A

Production of protein by the cells that are essential to life

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12
Q

Proton

A

A subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of an atom

The proton has a positive charge

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13
Q

Radioactive

A

Capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation

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14
Q

Ribonucleic Acid

or

RNA

A

Type of nuclei acid

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15
Q

Steroids

A

Lipids or fats that contain cholesterol

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16
Q

Triglycerides

A

Also called fats, consists of glycerol and fatty acids, makes up 95% of fats in the human body

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17
Q

Organic Compound

A

Compound that contains the element carbon

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18
Q

pH Scale

A

A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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19
Q

Phospholipids

A

Fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

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20
Q

Polysaccharide

A

A complex sugar

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21
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy stored in cells waiting to be released

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22
Q

Protein

A

An organic compound containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and most times - phosphorus and sulfur

Protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue

23
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has weight and occupies space

24
Q

Molecule

A

The smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound

25
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Simple sugar; glucose

26
Q

Multicellular

A

Many called

27
Q

Neutralization

A

Process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water

28
Q

Neutron

A

A subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of an atom; it has no electric charge

29
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

30
Q

Organic Catalyst

A

A substance that effects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed

31
Q

Alkali

A

A substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal

32
Q

Unicellular

A

Composed of one cell

33
Q

Dehydrated

A

An abnormal depletion of body fluids

34
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Occurs when water is removed from a molecule: the molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process

35
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

or

DNA

A

A nucleic acid contains the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

36
Q

Disaccharide

A

Double sugar

37
Q

Electrolytes

A

Electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance

38
Q

Electron

A

A subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells.

An electron has a negative charge

39
Q

Element

A

Made up of like atoms; substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

40
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

41
Q

Enzymes

A

Organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction

42
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Fluid outside of a cell

43
Q

Fats

or

triglycerides

A

Compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

44
Q

Glycogen

A

Polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver

45
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Bond that holds water molecules together by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another

46
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic

47
Q

Hydroxide

A

One atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

48
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

Lymph Fluid; fluid between the tissue

49
Q

Ion

A

An electrically charged atom

50
Q

Ionic bond

A

Bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom

51
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

52
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Work resulting in motion

53
Q

Lipid

A

Fatty compound

54
Q

Compounds

A

Elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a new substance

Anatomy&Physiology - PreNursing (3 decks)

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