Chapter 2 - Chemistry Of Life

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.

Question 3

What are the subatomic particles? what charge do they have? Where are they found?

Answer 3

Protons - positive charge found in Nucleus
Neutrons - neutral charge found in Nucleus
Electrons - negative charge found in Nucleus

Question 4

What do the protons in an atom determine?

Answer 4

The element

Question 5

What do the electrons in the atom determine?

Answer 5

The chemical behavior of an atom

Question 6

What are the parts to an atom?

Answer 6

Nucleus- contains protons and neutrons

Electrons - rotate around the nucleus; forms a negative cloud.

Question 7

What do the Neutrons in an atom determine?

Answer 7

Isotope

Question 8

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 8

The number of protons. Found on the top left part of a subscript in periodic table.

Question 9

What does the atomic mass represent?

Answer 9

The weight of an element (in AMU). Found in top right corner of a subscript in the periodic table.

Question 10

What is an isotope?

Answer 10

Same element that have different number of neutrons.

There is usually a mixture in nature. 
Ex. 
Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
Carbon-13 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons
Carbon-14 has 6 protons and 8 neutrons

Fun fact: if you want to know how old something is check for Carbon-14 ( it always wants to turn into a carbon-12)

Question 11

How many electrons does the following orbitals hold?

a) 1st orbital
b) 2nd orbital
c) 3rd orbital

Answer 11

a) 2 electrons
b) 8 electrons
c) 8 electrons

Question 12

What is the nucleus in an atom?

Answer 12

The part in the middle that has protons and neutrons.

Question 13

What is the electron shell?

Answer 13

A grouping of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom. The outer “rings” where the electrons orbit.

Question 14

What are compounds?

Answer 14

A substance consisting of chemically combined atoms from two or more elements and present in a definite ratio.

Ex. Sugar (sucrose: C12H22O11), salt (NaCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), water (H2O)

Question 15

What is a Covalent Bond?

Answer 15

The sharing of valence electrons by two atoms.

Question 16

What is an Ionic Bond?

Answer 16

Where a valence electron is transferred to another element. (Causes the formation of a Bond because of the opposite charge of the two chemicals)

Ex. Salt Na ➡️ Cl (Sodium will give Chlorine an electron)

Question 17

What is a Hydrogen Bond?

Answer 17

The attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom

Question 18

What is a Nonpolar Covalent Bond?

Answer 18

When electrons are shared equally because the two atoms have he same electronegativity.

Question 19

What is a Polar Covalent Bond?

Answer 19

When the electrons of the Bond are not shared equally. (When an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atoms)

Question 20

What is an van der Waals interaction?

Answer 20

Individually weak and occur only when atoms and molecules are very close together.

• if interactions occur simultaneously they are powerful. Ex. Gecko running up a wall.

Question 21

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 21

Putting two chemicals together and reacting them to get a product.