Chapter 2: Chemistry level Of Organization

Question 1

The study of matter

Answer 1

Chemistry

Question 2

The 3 forms of matter

Answer 2

Solids
Liquids
Gasses

Question 3

Matter is composed of _____?

Answer 3

Elements

Question 4

How many principle elements are in the body?

Answer 4

13

Question 5

How many trace elements are in the body?

Answer 5

14

Question 6

What are the 4 most prevalent elements of the body?

Answer 6

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

Question 7

What are elements composed of?

Answer 7

Atoms

Question 8

What are atoms composed of?

Answer 8

Subatomic particles

Question 9

Atoms are defined by ________?

Answer 9

The # of protons

Question 10

Changes the # of neutrons

Answer 10

Isotopes

Question 11

Changes the # of electrons

Answer 11

Ions

Question 12

A physical taking of electrons

Answer 12

Ionic bond

Question 13

A sharing of electrons

Answer 13

Covalent

Question 14

New chemical bonds form between atoms, or existing bonds are broken

Answer 14

Chemical reactions

Question 15

Coming in = _____?

Going out = products

Answer 15

Reactants

Question 16

Energy currency of our cells

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

The capacity to perform work

Answer 17

Energy

Question 18

Breaking down (big to small)

Answer 18

Decomposition (Catabolism)

Question 19

Building up (small to big)

Answer 19

Synthesis (Anabolism)

Question 20

Parts of reacting molecules are shuffled.

Answer 20

Exchange

Question 21

Most chemical reactions are _____ and ____ occur ______.

Answer 21

Most chemical reactions are reversible and do not occur spontaneously.

Question 22

____ are protein catalysts.

Answer 22

Enzymes

Question 23

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 23

• reduces the amount of activation energy needed

- speeds up chemical reactions

Question 24

______ nutrients contain carbon.

Answer 24

Organic

Question 25

_____ nutrients lack carbon.

Answer 25

Inorganic

Question 26

___ occurs as a solid, liquid, and gas at temps compatible w/ life on earth.

Answer 26

Water

Question 27

Water is polar. T/F?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Water to water

Answer 28

Polar

Question 29

Water to other polar molecules

Answer 29

Adhesion

Question 30

What are the 4 properties of water?

Answer 30

Lubrication Reactivity High heat capacity Solubility

Question 31

____ is the universal solvent

Answer 31

Water

Question 32

Loves water. Polar.

Answer 32

Hydrophilic

Question 33

Hates water. Non-polar

Answer 33

Hydrophobic

Question 34

Defined as anything that takes up space and has mass.

Answer 34

Matter

Question 35

The amount of material in matter

Answer 35

Mass

Question 36

Maintain their volume and shape in ordinary temperatures and pressures

Answer 36

Solids

Question 37

Maintain a constant volume but have no fixed shape

Answer 37

Liquids

Question 38

So no maintain a constant volume or fixed shape

Answer 38

Gases

Question 39

There are only ____ naturally occurring elements

Answer 39

92

Question 40

The smallest indivisible unit of an element, the smallest stable units of matter.

Answer 40

Atoms

Question 41

Subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge and has a high mass and low energy.

Answer 41

Proton (p+)

Question 42

An electrically neutral subatomic particle that has a high mass and low energy

Answer 42

Neutron (n)

Question 43

Subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge and has low mass w/ high energy.

Answer 43

Electron (e-)

Question 44

The first electron shell can hold __ electrons.

Answer 44

2

Question 45

The seconds electron shell can hold __ electrons.

Answer 45

8

Question 46

The third electron shell can hold ___ electrons.

Answer 46

8

Question 47

The outermost shell of an atom is called the ____.

Answer 47

Valence shell

Question 48

The # of electrons in the valence shell determines ________.

Answer 48

If atoms are reactive or inert.

Question 49

___ defines the number of protons in the atom.

Answer 49

Atomic number

Question 50

___ possess the same number of protons and electrons.

Answer 50

Neutral atoms

Question 51

Positively charged atoms created by the loss of one or more electrons.

Answer 51

Cations

Question 52

Negatively charged atoms created by the gaining of one or more electrons.

Answer 52

Anions

Question 53

The total number of protons and neutrons

Answer 53

Mass number