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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 2: Chemistry level Of Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemistry level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

The study of matter

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

The 3 forms of matter

A

Solids
Liquids
Gasses

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3
Q

Matter is composed of _____?

A

Elements

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4
Q

How many principle elements are in the body?

A

13

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5
Q

How many trace elements are in the body?

A

14

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6
Q

What are the 4 most prevalent elements of the body?

A

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen

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7
Q

What are elements composed of?

A

Atoms

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8
Q

What are atoms composed of?

A

Subatomic particles

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9
Q

Atoms are defined by ________?

A

The # of protons

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10
Q

Changes the # of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

Changes the # of electrons

A

Ions

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12
Q

A physical taking of electrons

A

Ionic bond

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13
Q

A sharing of electrons

A

Covalent

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14
Q

New chemical bonds form between atoms, or existing bonds are broken

A

Chemical reactions

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15
Q

Coming in = _____?

Going out = products

A

Reactants

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16
Q

Energy currency of our cells

A

ATP

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17
Q

The capacity to perform work

A

Energy

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18
Q

Breaking down (big to small)

A

Decomposition (Catabolism)

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19
Q

Building up (small to big)

A

Synthesis (Anabolism)

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20
Q

Parts of reacting molecules are shuffled.

A

Exchange

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21
Q

Most chemical reactions are _____ and ____ occur ______.

A

Most chemical reactions are reversible and do not occur spontaneously.

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22
Q

____ are protein catalysts.

A

Enzymes

23
Q

What does an enzyme do?

A
  • reduces the amount of activation energy needed

- speeds up chemical reactions

24
Q

______ nutrients contain carbon.

A

Organic

25
Q

_____ nutrients lack carbon.

A

Inorganic

26
Q

___ occurs as a solid, liquid, and gas at temps compatible w/ life on earth.

A

Water

27
Q

Water is polar. T/F?

A

True

28
Q

Water to water

A

Polar

29
Q

Water to other polar molecules

A

Adhesion

30
Q

What are the 4 properties of water?

A

Lubrication
Reactivity
High heat capacity
Solubility

31
Q

____ is the universal solvent

A

Water

32
Q

Loves water. Polar.

A

Hydrophilic

33
Q

Hates water. Non-polar

A

Hydrophobic

34
Q

Defined as anything that takes up space and has mass.

A

Matter

35
Q

The amount of material in matter

A

Mass

36
Q

Maintain their volume and shape in ordinary temperatures and pressures

A

Solids

37
Q

Maintain a constant volume but have no fixed shape

A

Liquids

38
Q

So no maintain a constant volume or fixed shape

A

Gases

39
Q

There are only ____ naturally occurring elements

A

92

40
Q

The smallest indivisible unit of an element, the smallest stable units of matter.

A

Atoms

41
Q

Subatomic particle that possesses a positive electrical charge and has a high mass and low energy.

A

Proton (p+)

42
Q

An electrically neutral subatomic particle that has a high mass and low energy

A

Neutron (n)

43
Q

Subatomic particle that possesses a negative electrical charge and has low mass w/ high energy.

A

Electron (e-)

44
Q

The first electron shell can hold __ electrons.

A

2

45
Q

The seconds electron shell can hold __ electrons.

A

8

46
Q

The third electron shell can hold ___ electrons.

A

8

47
Q

The outermost shell of an atom is called the ____.

A

Valence shell

48
Q

The # of electrons in the valence shell determines ________.

A

If atoms are reactive or inert.

49
Q

___ defines the number of protons in the atom.

A

Atomic number

50
Q

___ possess the same number of protons and electrons.

A

Neutral atoms

51
Q

Positively charged atoms created by the loss of one or more electrons.

A

Cations

52
Q

Negatively charged atoms created by the gaining of one or more electrons.

A

Anions

53
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons

A

Mass number

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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