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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1: Intro To AP1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Intro To AP1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of life?

A

Biology

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A 
Responsiveness 
Adaptability 
Growth & reproduction 
Movement
Respiration
Circulation 
Digestion
Excretion
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3
Q

What is the study of cells?

A

Cytology

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4
Q

What is the study of tissue?

A

Histology

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5
Q

What is the study of function?

A

Physiology

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6
Q

What is the study of the form of living things?

A

Anatomy

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7
Q

The study of how cells fight off and defend against disease

A

Immunology

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8
Q

The study of the function of the kidney in the production of urine?

A

Renal physiology

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9
Q

Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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10
Q

The study of individual cells as they live out all activities that characterize the larger organism

A

Cell physiology

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11
Q

What are the 5 levels of organization?

A 
Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
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12
Q

What are the 11 organ systems?

A 
Integumentary 
Skeletal
Muscular
Respiratory 
Nervous
Circulatory
Lymphatic/ Immune
Endocrine 
Urinary
Digestive
Reproductive
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13
Q

Composed of skin, hair, and nails; external support and protection of the body and temperature regulation.

A

Integumentary system

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14
Q

Composed of bones; internal support and flexible framework for body movement, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.

A

Skeletal system

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15
Q

Composed of muscles attached to the skeleton.

A

Muscular system

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16
Q

Locomotion, support, and body heat production.

A

Muscular system

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17
Q

Composed of the lungs, trachea, larynx, and nasal passages

A

Respiratory system

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18
Q

Exchange of respiratory gasses, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the air and circulating blood

A

Respiratory system

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19
Q

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

A

Nervous system

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20
Q

Directs immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems.

A

Nervous system

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21
Q

Composed of heart and blood vessels

A

Circulatory system

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22
Q

Internal transport of nutrients and oxygen to body cells while wastes and carbon dioxide are transported away from blood cells.

A

Circulatory system

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23
Q

Composed of the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, and tonsils

A

Lymphatic/ Immune system

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24
Q

Houses the immune system cells of the body , provides protection against infection and disease, transports tissue fluid (lymph) and absorbs fats.

A

Lymphatic/ Immune system

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25
Q

Composed of hormone secreting glands such as the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal gland, pancreas, pineal, etc.

A

Endocrine system

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26
Q

Secretion of hormones that direct long-term changes in the activities of the other organ systems

A

Endocrine system

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27
Q

Composed of kidneys , uterus, urinary bladder, and urethra

A

Urinary system

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28
Q

Filters the blood to remove nitrogenous wastes , eliminates excess water , salts, and waste products, and controls pH and electrolyte balance.

A

Urinary system

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29
Q

Composed of salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, and gallbladder

A

Digestive system

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30
Q

Intake, breakdown, and absorption of food in order to acquire nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water and elementary feces.

A

Digestive system.

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31
Q

Composed of ovaries, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands in females and the testes , scrotum, prostate glands, seminal vesicles and penis in the male

A

Reproductive system

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32
Q

Production of sperm and egg as well as secretion of sex hormones and copulation.

A

Reproductive system

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33
Q

The state of equilibrium or balance

A

Homeostasis

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34
Q

Three components involved in homeostatic regulation

A

Receptor
Control center
Effector

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35
Q

Detects changes in either the internal or external environment, or stimulus

A

Receptor

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36
Q

Receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands

A

Control center

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37
Q

Responds to the commands by opposing the stimulus

A

Effector

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38
Q

Provides stability
Shuts off or reduces the original stimulus
Helps to stabilize situation; essential for maintaining homeostasis

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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39
Q

Accelerate a process to completion
Intensify or enhance of original stimuli
Amplify and reinforce a change brought on by the stimulus; not typically used for homeostasis

A

Positive feedback mechanisms

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40
Q

Arter-

A

Artery

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41
Q

A-

A

Without

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42
Q

Aer-

A

Air

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43
Q

-algia

A

Pain

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44
Q

Artho-

A

Joint

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45
Q

Auto-

A

Self

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46
Q

Bio-

A

Life

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47
Q

-blast

A

Germ; immature

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48
Q

Bronch-

A

Windpipe; airway

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49
Q

Cardi-, cardio-, -cardia

A

Heart

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50
Q

Cerebr-

A

Brain

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51
Q

Cervic-

A

Neck

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52
Q

Chondro-

A

Cartilage

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53
Q

Cranio-

A

Skull

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54
Q

Cyt-, cyto-

A

A hollow cell

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55
Q

Derm-

A

Skin

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56
Q

-ectomy

A

Excision

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57
Q

End-, endo-

A

Within

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58
Q

Epi-

A

On

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59
Q

Ex-

A

Out of, away from

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60
Q

Gastro-

A

Stomach

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61
Q

Hemo-

A

Blood

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62
Q

Histo-

A

Tissue

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63
Q

Homo-

A

Same

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64
Q

Hetero-

A

Different

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65
Q

Hyper-

A

Above; more than

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66
Q

Hypo-

A

Under; less than

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67
Q

Inter-

A

Between

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68
Q

Iso-

A

Equal

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69
Q

Leuk-, lueko-

A

White

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70
Q

Lyso-, -lysis, -lyze

A

To burst; to loosen

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71
Q

Meso-

A

Middle

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72
Q

Micr-

A

Small

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73
Q

Morph-, morpho-

A

Form or shape

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74
Q

Myo-

A

Muscle

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75
Q

Nephr-

A

Kidney

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76
Q

Neur-, neuri-, neuro-

A

Nerve

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77
Q

-ology

A

The study of

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78
Q

-osis

A

State

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79
Q

Ost-, oste-, osteo-

A

Bone

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80
Q

Oto-

A

Ear

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81
Q

Path-, -pathy, patho-

A

Disease

82
Q

Peri-

A

Around

83
Q

Phago-

A

To eat

84
Q

-phil, -philia

A

Love

85
Q

-phot, photo-

A

Light

86
Q

Physio-

A

Nature

87
Q

Pre-

A

Before

88
Q

Pulmo-

A

Lung

89
Q

Retro-

A

Backward

90
Q

Sacro-

A

Flesh

91
Q

Scler-, sclera-

A

Hard

92
Q

-scope

A

To view

93
Q

Sub-

A

Below

94
Q

Super-

A

Above

95
Q

-trophy

A

Nourishment

96
Q

Vas-

A

Vessel

97
Q

Anterior torso below diaphragm

A

Abdominal

98
Q

Acromial

A

Point of shoulder

99
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

100
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

101
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

102
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

103
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

104
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

105
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

106
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

107
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

108
Q

Costal

A

Rib

109
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

110
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

111
Q

Crural

A

Leg

112
Q

Cubital or Olecranal

A

Back of elbow

113
Q

Cutaneous

A

Skin

114
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes

115
Q

Dorsum or Dorsal

A

Back

116
Q

Epigastric

A

Upper middle area of abdomen

117
Q

Facial

A

Face

118
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

119
Q

Fibular

A

Side of leg

120
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

121
Q

Hallux

A

Great toe

122
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

123
Q

Lumbar or loin

A

Lower back

124
Q

Mammary

A

Breast

125
Q

Manus

A

Hand

126
Q

Mastoid

A

Below and behind ear

127
Q

Mental

A

Chin

128
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

129
Q

Occipital

A

Back of lower skull

130
Q

Olecranal

A

Back of elbow

131
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

132
Q

Orbital or ocular

A

Eye

133
Q

Otic or auris

A

Ear

134
Q

Palmar

A

Palm of hand

135
Q

Patellar

A

Knee cap

136
Q

Pectoral

A

Chest

137
Q

Pedal or Pes

A

Foot

138
Q

Pelvis

A

Lower torso

139
Q

Perineal

A

Area between anus and genital

140
Q

Phalangeal

A

Fingers or toes

141
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of foot

142
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

143
Q

Popliteal

A

Behind knee

144
Q

Pubis

A

Pubic region

145
Q

Sacral

A

Between hips

146
Q

Scapular

A

Shoulder blade

147
Q

Sternal

A

Breastbone

148
Q

Sural

A

Calf

149
Q

Supraclavicular

A

Above collar bone

150
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

151
Q

Temporal

A

Side of skull

152
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

153
Q

Umbilical

A

Area around umbilicus

154
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal column

155
Q

Volar

A

Palm or sole

156
Q

Which quadrant contains liver?

A

Right upper quadrant

157
Q

Which quadrant contains the stomach and spleen

A

Left upper quadrant

158
Q

Which quadrant contains descending colon

A

Left lower quadrant

159
Q

Which quadrant contains the cecum and ascending colon

A

Right lower quadrant

160
Q

Centermost region deep to and surrounding the navel

A

Umbilical

161
Q

Superior to the umbilical region

A

Epigastric

162
Q

Located inferior to the umbilical region

A

Hypogastric

163
Q

Flanks the epigastric region laterally

A

Right and left hypochondriac

164
Q

Lies lateral to the umbilical region

A

Right and left lumbar

165
Q

Lateral to the hypogastric region

A

Right and left iliac (inguinal)

166
Q

Above; toward the head end or upper part of the structure or body

A

Superior (cranial)

167
Q

Below; away from the head end or toward the lower part of the structure or body

A

Inferior (caudal)

168
Q

Toward or at the front of the body

A

Anterior (ventral)

169
Q

Toward or at the back of the body

A

Posterior (dorsal)

170
Q

Toward or at the longitudinal axis of the body

A

Lateral

171
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

172
Q

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Proximal

173
Q

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment

A

Distal

174
Q

Toward or at the body surface

A

Superficial (external)

175
Q

Away from the body surface; more internal

A

Deep (internal)

176
Q

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts

A

Sagittal

177
Q

The plane dividing the body exactly in the midline

A

Midsagittal (median)

178
Q

All other sagittal planes offset from the midline

A

Parasagittal

179
Q

Any plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

Frontal (coronal)

180
Q

A plane dividing the body into superior and inferior positions

A

Transverse (horizontal)

181
Q

Cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes

A

Oblique

182
Q

Dorsal body cavity is composed of what 2 smaller cavities?

A

Cranial cavity

Vertebral cavity

183
Q

Houses internal organs of the body collectively called the viscera or “guts”.

A

Ventral body cavity (coelom)

184
Q

The ventral body cavity is divided into what two smaller cavities?

A

Thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

185
Q

Viscera

A

Guts

186
Q

Right and left; contains the lungs

A

Pleural cavity

187
Q

Space between the pleural cavities; containing the thymus, lymph vessels, esophagus, trachea, and nerves.

A

Mediastinum

188
Q

Embedded within the mediastinum & Houses the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

189
Q

2 parts of the Thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural cavity

Mediastinum

190
Q

2 parts of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

191
Q

Contains digestive organs

A

Abdominal cavity

192
Q

Contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

A

Pelvic cavity

193
Q

Secrete a watery, lubricating fluid that line the dorsal and ventral body cavities

A

Serous membranes

194
Q

Line the dorsal body cavity

A

Meninges

195
Q

Line he pleural cavity

A

Pleura

196
Q

Lines the pericardial cavity

A

Pericardium

197
Q

Line the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

198
Q

The passage of air into the respiratory tract

A

Nasal cavity

199
Q

Area of the skull that houses the eye

A

Orbital cavity

200
Q

Contains the ossicles

A

Middle ear cavity

201
Q

Are joint cavities filled with synovial fluid

A

Synovial cavity

202
Q

The presence of a stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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