Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards
ionic bonds
lose/gain electrons
valence
charge from an ionic bond
what are ions
and da 2 diff types of ions:
atom/s with an electrical charge
* cation- ion with a positive charge
* Anion- ion with a negative charge
whats an aqueous solution?
a solution with water that weakens ionic bonds
*all chemical reactions in our body take place in a aqueous environment
whats ionization/dissociation
its when salts are broken down into ions by water
allows the ions to be involved in other chemical reaction + be reused
stomach acid?
disulfide bond
covalent bonds between sulfur atoms
important in some proteins
hydrogen bond
a weak chemical bond between hydrogen + oxygen atoms in water
whats a chemical reaction (and the 2 types)
chemical reaction is a change by the formation/breaking of chemical bonds
* synthesis reaction- bonds are formed to make new compunds (needs dehydration synthesis) EX: PROTEN SYNTHESIS
* decomposition reaction- bonds are broken and large moecules are broken into smaller ones. (requires hydrolysis) EX: STARCH–> GLUCOSE
water and its properties
- solvent- dissolves salts + chemical reactions of body wastes
- lubricant- around bones, mucus, saliva (prevent friction)
- Helps maintain homeostasis because its hard to get it hot or cold without a lot of suddent heat/cold (maintains temperature)
water compartments (2 main types)
- Intracellular fluid (ICF)- in cytoplam/water within cells 65% total
- Extracellular fluid (ECF)- the remainder of the water in our bodies
specific ECF
- plasma- water found in the blood vessels
- lymph- water found in lymphatic vessels
- tissue (interstilliar) fluid- water found between cells
- synovial fluid- water in joints
- cerebrospinal fluid- water in + around the brain and spinal cord
- aqueous humor- water in da eyeboll
cell resperationnn
**C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP + Heat **
* 6O2- used to breakdown glucose into useful energy
* ATP- energy for cell activities
* heat-contributes to maintain homeostasis
* 6CO2- byproduct of respiration exhaled cause if built up (acidosis) blood pH is less than the range(7.35-7.45) and therfore too acidic leading to lung disease, heart failure)
trace elements
needed but in small amounts
1. calcium- bones, teeth, muscle contraction, blood clotting
2. phosphorus- bones, teeth, DNA/RNA, cell membranes
3. iron- red blood cells, cell respiration, myglobin
4. copper- cell respiration, hemoglobin
5. sodium + potassium- nerve impullses, muscle contractions
6. sulfur- protein synthesis
7. colbalt- part of vitamin B12
8. Iodine- part of thyroid hormones
Acids
has more of hydrogen ions (H+)
on pH scale: 0-6
H+ ≥ OH-
Base
more hydroxyl ions (OH-)
H+≤ OH-
on pH scale: 8-14
