Ch. 1 Organization + General Plan of the body Flashcards
Anatomy
is the study of structure + shape of the body/body parts
the hardness/rigidness of bones
Physiology
study of how the body/body parts function
the bones function is to protect
Levels of Anatomy
(there are 2)
-
Gross anatomy- (large structures) easily observable w/t an unaided eye
2.** Microscopic anatomy**- (very small structures) viewed only with a microscope
organ systems
theres 11
- Integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- endocrine
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- respiratory
- digestive
- urinary
- reproductive
reproductive system
Production of gametes (sperm + egg)
urinary system
eliminates nitrogenous waste (produced by cells)
regulation of materials (such as water, electroltes=Na+,Cl-K+)
Digestive system
- breaks down food
- eliminates indigestable material
- absorbs nutrients into blood
- large intestines absorb water into bloodstream*
respiratory system
- keeps the blood supplied with oxygen
- removes carbon dioxide
Lymphatic system
- returns fluids to blood system
- involved in immunity
cardiovascular system
- transports materials via blood pumped by the heart
- “Materials”= oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products
all of the blood vessels measure together laid out in a line, they would measure more than 60,000 miles in length
Endocrine system
- secretes regulatory hormones
- hormones= growth, reproduction, metabolism
nervous system
- fast acting control system
- interprets sensory input
- activates muscles and glands
muscular system
- provides movement
- maintains posture
- produces heat
skeletal
- protects + supports body organs
- provides muscle attachment for movement
- site of blood cell formation
- stores minerals
integumentary system
- protects us from the environment
- protects from dehydration
- provides sensory info
What’s metabolsim
- all chemical reactions within the body
- production of energy
- making body structures
excretion
elimination of waste caused by metabolic reactions
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
metabolism rate cal/hr
homeostasis
- maintance of a stable internal environment
- must be maintained for normal body function + to sustain life
dynamic state of equilibrium
homeostatic imbalance
disease from disturbance in homeostasis
homeostasis regulation
the body communicates through nervous + hormonal control system
1. receptors
2. control center or integration center
3. effector- cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center
feedback mechanism
- negative feedback (most common) reduces the original stimiulus or reduces its intensity ex: body temp + blood glucose
- positive feedback- increases the original stimulus (usually needs an external break) ex: blood clotting/ child birth
superior
toward the head/upper part of body
inferior
away from the head/ lower structure of body
anterior
front of body
posterior
backside of the body
medial
middle of body
lateral
away from midde of body
outerside of:
intermediate
between medial and lateral
proximal
close to origin of body
close to point of attatchment of a limb to the body trunk
distal
farther from origin
superficial
toward/at body structure
frontal section
seperates body from front to back
sagittal section
seperates body from left to right
tranverse
that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
dorsal cavity
includes the cranial cavity + spinal
ventral cavity
thoracic, abdominal, pelvic cavities
