Ch. 1 Organization + General Plan of the body Flashcards
Anatomy
is the study of structure + shape of the body/body parts
the hardness/rigidness of bones
Physiology
study of how the body/body parts function
the bones function is to protect
Levels of Anatomy
(there are 2)
-
Gross anatomy- (large structures) easily observable w/t an unaided eye
2.** Microscopic anatomy**- (very small structures) viewed only with a microscope
organ systems
theres 11
- Integumentary
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- endocrine
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- respiratory
- digestive
- urinary
- reproductive
reproductive system
Production of gametes (sperm + egg)
urinary system
eliminates nitrogenous waste (produced by cells)
regulation of materials (such as water, electroltes=Na+,Cl-K+)
Digestive system
- breaks down food
- eliminates indigestable material
- absorbs nutrients into blood
- large intestines absorb water into bloodstream*
respiratory system
- keeps the blood supplied with oxygen
- removes carbon dioxide
Lymphatic system
- returns fluids to blood system
- involved in immunity
cardiovascular system
- transports materials via blood pumped by the heart
- “Materials”= oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products
all of the blood vessels measure together laid out in a line, they would measure more than 60,000 miles in length
Endocrine system
- secretes regulatory hormones
- hormones= growth, reproduction, metabolism
nervous system
- fast acting control system
- interprets sensory input
- activates muscles and glands
muscular system
- provides movement
- maintains posture
- produces heat
skeletal
- protects + supports body organs
- provides muscle attachment for movement
- site of blood cell formation
- stores minerals
integumentary system
- protects us from the environment
- protects from dehydration
- provides sensory info
What’s metabolsim
- all chemical reactions within the body
- production of energy
- making body structures
excretion
elimination of waste caused by metabolic reactions
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
metabolism rate cal/hr
homeostasis
- maintance of a stable internal environment
- must be maintained for normal body function + to sustain life
dynamic state of equilibrium
homeostatic imbalance
disease from disturbance in homeostasis
homeostasis regulation
the body communicates through nervous + hormonal control system
1. receptors
2. control center or integration center
3. effector- cell or organ that responds to the commands of the control center
feedback mechanism
- negative feedback (most common) reduces the original stimiulus or reduces its intensity ex: body temp + blood glucose
- positive feedback- increases the original stimulus (usually needs an external break) ex: blood clotting/ child birth
superior
toward the head/upper part of body
inferior
away from the head/ lower structure of body
