Chapter 2 : Chemical Level of Organization

Question 1

What are the four structures of protein?

Answer 1

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Question 2

What are the two types of Ions?

Answer 2

Cation (positive charge) and Anion (negative charge)

Question 3

What makes water an efficient solvent?

What is a hydrophilic Molecule?

Answer 3

It breaks down easily due to having weak bonds.
Water is polar
Hydrogen-bonding makes it possible for almost any charged or polar molecule to dissolve in water.
Salt in water.

Question 4

What is a hydrophobic Molecule?

Answer 4

Does not dissolve in water. Interact with other hydrophobic molecules. Oil in water.

Question 5

What are the two metabolic pathways?

Answer 5

Catabolic: Break down molecules
Anabolic: Synthesize molecules.

Question 6

What is activation energy?

Answer 6

When the collision of molecules happen, the thermal energy is converted to potential energy.

Question 7

What is a uncatalyzed reaction?

Answer 7

Kinetic energy of the reactants: Temperature dependent.

Activation energy of particular reaction.

Question 8

Enzymes lower the activation energy

Answer 8

Interactions between the enzyme and the substrate:

• Stabilize the transition state
• Lower the activation energy.

Question 9

Why are enzymes important for activation energy?

Answer 9

It maintains homeostasis. It increases the percentage of reactant molecules with the the necessary energy without altering cellular temperature.

Question 10

What is a buffer?

Answer 10

It minimizes the change in pH when an acid or base is added to it.