Chapter 2 - Chem

Question 1

1. If a molecule of starch is repeatedly hydrolyzed, which of the following would be the final product?
   a. glucose
   b. fructose
   c. ribose
   d. sucrose
   e. deoxyribose

Answer 1

A

Question 2

2. An atom of oxygen is most stable in which of the following states?
   a. as O
   b. as 12O isotope
   c. as O2
   d. as hydroxide OH–
   e. as peroxide O22–

Answer 2

C

Question 3

3. __________ bonds form between the oxygen and hydrogen within water molecules, whereas __________ bonds form between different water molecules.
   a. Hydrogen . . . covalent
   b. Covalent . . . hydrogen
   c. Ionic . . . hydrogen
   d. Hydrogen . . . ionic
   e. Covalent . . . ionic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

4. The backbone of all organic molecules is:
   a. oxygen
   b. sulfur
   c. nitrogen
   d. carbon
   e. phosphorus

Answer 4

D

Question 5

5. Which of the following substances has the lowest hydrogen ion concentration?
   a. water (pH 7)
   b. bleach (pH 13)
   c. baking soda (pH 9)
   d. vinegar (pH 3)
   e. black coffee (pH 5)

Answer 5

B

Question 6

6. When sugar is dissolved in water, sugar is the __________ and water is the __________.
   a. acid . . . base
   b. base . . . acid
   c. solvent . . . solute
   d. solute . . . solvent
   e. inorganic molecule . . . organic molecule

Answer 6

D

Question 7

7. A monosaccharide is to a polysaccharide as an amino acid is to a __________.
   a. nucleic acid
   b. carbohydrate
   c. protein
   d. nucleotide
   e. triglyceride

Answer 7

C

Question 8

8. Which of these bonds is the easiest to disrupt, simply by raising 
the temperature?
a. hydrogen bonds
b. ionic bonds
c. polar covalent bonds
d. nonpolar covalent bonds
e. peptide bonds

Answer 8

A

Question 9

9. The primary structure of a protein is maintained by __________ bonds.
   a. hydrophilic
   b. hydrophobic
   c. hydrogen
   d. covalent
   e. ionic

Answer 9

D

Question 10

10. DNA ultimately contains the instructions for the assembly of:
    a. proteins
    b. polysaccharides
    c. triglycerides
    d. nucleotides
    e. steroids

Answer 10

A

Question 11

11. If one strand of DNA has the sequence A-A-C-T-G-T-G, what will be the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand?
    a. A-A-C-T-G-T-G
    b. U-U-G-A-C-A-C
    c. T-T-G-U-C-U-C
    d. G-G-C-A-G-A-G
    e. T-T-G-A-C-A-C

Answer 11

E

Question 12

12. Regarding proteins, which of the following statements is false?
    a. They are formed of amino acids.
    b. They are made of hydrogen and disulfide bonds.
    c. They are unable to change shape.
    d. They function as biological catalysts.
    e. Most proteins are water soluble.

Answer 12

C

Question 13

13. _______ molecules in a nucleotide are joined by _______bonds.
    a. Base . . . hydrogen
    b. Base . . . disulfide
    c. Base . . . ionic
    d. Water . . . ionic
    e. Base . . . covalent

Answer 13

E

Question 14

14. Synthesis of proteins requires the input of energy, which can be provided by:
    a. enzymes
    b. synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
    c. hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP and Pi
    d. amino acids
    e. isotopes

Answer 14

C

Question 15

15. The function of enzymes is to:
    a. accelerate reactions to change the final result
    b. produce otherwise non-existing reactions
    c. stall reactions that would have happened otherwise
    d. balance the pH in chemical reactions
    e. provide energy to biochemical reactions

Answer 15

E