Chapter 18 - Cancer

Question 1

1. Which of the following represents the correct order of steps leading to the development of malignant cancer?
   a. dysplasia . . . hyperplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . metastasis and/or invasion
   b. hyperplasia . . . dysplasia . . . metastasis and/or invasion . . . in situ cancer
   c. dysplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . hyperplasia . . . metastasis and/or invasion
   d. hyperplasia . . . dysplasia . . . in situ cancer . . . metastasis and/or invasion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

2. Metastasized cells:
   a. can multiply
   b. are structured abnormally
   c. can migrate
   d. all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

3. A mutation in which of the following types of genes would likely allow cell division to proceed even if conditions are not suitable or if the cells are already showing cancerous tendencies?
   a. mutator genes
   b. oncogenes
   c. tumor suppressor genes
   d. proto-oncogenes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

4. Which of the following statements regarding skin cancer is true?
   a. Chemical carcinogens contribute more to the development of skin cancer than UV radiation.
   b. Sun exposure during childhood does not impact the development of skin cancer later in life.
   c. Tanning booths enable safer tanning because the UV exposure from lamps is not likely to contribute to the development of skin cancer.
   d. Skin cancer can develop from cumulative sun exposure, even in the absence of sunburns.

Answer 4

D

Question 5

5. Most cancers are classified according to their size, distribution, and involvement of the ________.
   a. lymph nodes
   b. brain
   c. bone marrow
   d. blood

Answer 5

A

Question 6

6. Which of the following imaging techniques expose(s) the body to radiation?
   a. X-rays
   b. MRIs
   c. PET scans
   d. both (a) and (c)

Answer 6

D

Question 7

7. Which of the following cancer treatments would be most effective at targeting both the original tumor as well as all secondary tumors?
   a. surgery
   b. focused sources
   of radiation
   c. chemotherapy
   d. photodynamic therapy

Answer 7

C

Question 8

8. ________ requires stem cell or bone marrow transplants.
   a. Pancreatic cancer
   b. Lymphoma
   c. Leukemia
   d. Both (b) and (c)

Answer 8

D

Question 9

9. Which of the following cancer treatments prevents growth of blood vessels that support growing tumors?
   a. immunotherapy
   b. anti-angiogenic drugs
   c. gene therapy
   d. radiation therapy

Answer 9

B

Question 10

10. The ABCD rule refers to the evaluation of:
    a. melanoma
    b. squamous cell carcinoma
    c. basal cell carcinoma
    d. all types of skin cancer

Answer 10

A

Question 11

11. The most common cause(s) of cancer deaths in the United States is/are:
    a. viruses
    b. radiation
    c. smoking
    d. poor diet and lack of exercise

Answer 11

C

Question 12

12. Which of the following statements about breast cancer is true?
    a. Most women have a mutated form of either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene.
    b. Post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy can reduce the risk of development of breast cancer.
    c. The risk of breast cancer declines with advancing age.
    d. Early onset of menstruation and/or late onset of menopause is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer.

Answer 12

D

Question 13

13. ________ is crucial for the early diagnosis of breast cancer.
    a. X-ray
    b. PET scan
    c. Self-examination
    d. Both (a) and (c)

Answer 13

A

Question 14

14. Which of the following statements is false regarding cancer risk factors?
    a. The presence of one oncogen will produce cancer.
    b. Smoking tobacco is the main cause of lung cancer.
    c. An unbalanced diet is an important risk factor.
    d. Only genetic and environmental factors cause cancer.

Answer 14

A

Question 15

15. Which cancer appears to be prevented by a vaccine?
    a. endometrial cancer
    b. cervical cancer
    c. ovarian cancer
    d. all of these cancers

Answer 15

B