Chapter 2-characteristics Of Life

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

Use external energy source to produce organic matter from inorganic raw materials

Photo/chemoautotrophs

Question 2

Phototroph

Answer 2

Use light from sun and inorganic materials

Question 3

Chemoautotrophs

Answer 3

Use inorganic compounds as energy sources

Question 4

Heterotrophs

Answer 4

Require preformed organic molecules

Photo/chemoautotrophs

Question 5

Photoheterotrophs

Answer 5

Light generates ATP but need to take in organic compounds from environment

Question 6

Chemoheterotrophs

Answer 6

Obtain organic compounds fro both energy and carbon source

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

All chemical reactions within organism

Question 8

Metamorphosis

Answer 8

Change in body structure

Question 9

Homeostasis

Answer 9

Maintains stable and constant equilibrium

Question 10

Protests short-term responses

Answer 10

Thermotaxis
Phototaxis
Chemotaxis

Question 11

Reproduction

Answer 11

Production of new individual organisms

Question 12

Replication

Answer 12

Duplication of genetic material

Question 13

Types of asexual reproduction

Answer 13

Binary fission
Budding
Fragmentation
Parthogeneses

Question 14

Binary fission

Answer 14

Individual divides into 2 of equal size

Simultaneous DNA replication and segregation

Paramecium, micrasterias, amoeba

Question 15

Budding

Answer 15

New individual arises from outgrowth

Hydra

Question 16

Fragmentation & regeneration

Answer 16

Parent breaks off and fragments give rise to new individuals

Anabaena

Question 17

Parthogenesis

Answer 17

Development of organism from unfertilized egg

Apomixis in plants

Question 18

Apomixis

Answer 18

Seed production without meiosis/fertilization

Question 19

Sexual reproduction (plants/animals)

Answer 19

New individuals formed by fusion of gametes to form zygote by process of fertilization

Common earthworm (internal)

planaria (cross fertilization)

Question 20

Bacteria, protests, and fungi

Answer 20

Exchange of genetic material (dif. Mating types)

Question 21

Conjugation

Answer 21

2 organisms fuse along common surface and exchange genetic material

NO INCREASE IN # OF INDIVIDUALS

Question 22

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 22

Large #s of offspring, quickly

Less competition for mate

Question 23

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 23

No genetic variation

Question 24

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 24

Higher genetic diversity=new genotypes

Enhances reproductive success in changing environment

Question 25

Viruses

Answer 25

Consist of genetic material (DNA?RNA)

Do not contain all 4 biolmolecules
No cellular structure
Unable to replicate without host

Question 26

Viroids

Answer 26

Infectious particle in plants

No cellular structure
Depend upon enzymes of plant
Lack proteins
Small RNA molecules that DONT code for proteins

Question 27

Prions

Answer 27

They are proteins
Lack hereditary material
No cellular structure

Question 28

Replicators

Answer 28

Viruses, viroids, and prions

Not capable of independent metabolism of reproduction

Question 29

Water

Answer 29

Matrix of life:
Suspends RBC
Electrolytes/nutrients
Carries metabolic waste/nutrients
Osmoregulation

Question 30

Isotonic

Answer 30

Solute inside cell=outside

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

Lower outside cell (cell ruptures)

Question 32

Hypertonic

Answer 32

Higher outside cell (cell ruptures)

Question 33

Biodiversity

Answer 33

1. Ecosystem diversity
2. Species diversity
3. Genetic diversity

Question 34

Systematics

Answer 34

Study of diversity and relationships

Taxonomy, nomenclature, phylogenetic

Question 35

Nomenclature

Answer 35

Scientific names+ universal language

Genus+species+authority

Question 36

Aristotle

Answer 36

1st to classify living organisms

Scalia natural

Question 37

Linnnenaus

Answer 37

Father of taxonomy