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Biology 121 > Ch. 3 > Flashcards

Ch. 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Domain eubacteria

A

Most # and variety of prokaryotes

Cosmopolitan

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2
Q

Eubacteria divided into 2 groups

A

Gram +’ive

Gram -‘I’ve

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3
Q

Gram +’ive

A

Single, relatively thick peptidoglycan layer

Retain violet

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4
Q

Gram -‘ive

A

Relatively thin peptidoglycan sheath surrounded by outer membrane

Do not retain violet (pink)

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5
Q

Domain archaea

A

Extremophiles

; methanogens

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6
Q

Halophiles

A

High salt

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7
Q

Acidophiles

A

Low pH levels

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8
Q

Hyperthermophile

A

High temp

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9
Q

Psychophile

A

Low temp

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10
Q

Domain eukarya

A

Have nuclei

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11
Q

Advantages fo membrane-bound organelles

A

Storage
Energy production
CHO production
Lipid & protein production

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12
Q

Eukarya kingdoms

A
  1. Protista
  2. Plantae
  3. Fungi
  4. Animalia
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13
Q

Kingdom Protista

A

Don’t fit into other groups

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14
Q

First to see protests

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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15
Q

Types of motility (protists)

A

Pseudopods, cilia, flagella

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16
Q

Charophyta criteria

A
  1. Similar structure of motile sperm to land plants with flagellated sperm
  2. Similar cell wall producing events during cell division
  3. Presence of sporopollenin in charophyte zygotes and land plant spores
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17
Q

Sporopollenin

A

Polymer forms a protective barrier (exile) against desiccation in zygotes, spores, and pollen grains

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18
Q

Kingdom plantae

A

Most land plants are sessile, but gametes may be motile

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19
Q

Plantae divided into 2 groups

A
  1. Green algae

2. Land plants (embryophata)

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20
Q

Embryophata

A

Embryo retained within maternal tissues

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21
Q

Gametophyte generation

A

Gamete-producing, haploid phase (n=chromosomes)

22
Q

Sporophyte generation

A

Spore-forming phase, diploid (chromosomes=2n)

23
Q

3 main groups of land plants

A
  1. Non vascular
  2. Vascular without seeds
  3. Vascular with seeds
24
Q

Non vascular plants

A

Gametophyte phase dominant
Polytrichium (moss)

Thin cuticles and rudimentary stomata; no true roots to leaves

25
Q

Vascular plants (without seeds)

A

Sporophyte phase dominant

Lycopodium (club moss)

26
Q

Vascular with seed

A

Have lignified vascular system

Polypodium (fern)

Transports h20 and nutrients over long distances

27
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Connective with xylem and phloem

28
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and dissolved minerals

29
Q

Phloem

A

Transports sugars from leaves

30
Q

Male gametophyte

A

Enclosed in pollen grain

31
Q

Female gametophyte

A

In ovules

32
Q

Gymnosperm

A

Lack fruits and flowers (usually cone)

33
Q

Angiosperm

A

Enclosed seeds inside carpel; efficient vascular systems for water, nutrients, and max p/s

34
Q

Monocot

A

1 cotyledon

35
Q

Divot

A

2 cotyledons

36
Q

Epiphanic plant

A

Uses other planets for support

37
Q

Myco-heterotrophic

A

Gets organic mol’s from plant

38
Q

Kingdom fungi

A 
Cell walls (chitin)
No mechanism for movement
39
Q

Chitin

A

Tough polysaccharide

40
Q

Zoospores

A

Only fungi with motile cell

41
Q

Saprophytic fungi

A

Grow on dead organic materials

42
Q

Parasitic fungi

A

Absorb organic material from living tissue of host

43
Q

Predaceous fungi

A

Trap prey

44
Q

Mutualistic fungi

A

Fungus provides structure and protection from environment

45
Q

Kingdom animalia’s 2 sub-kingdoms

A
  1. Parazoa

2. Eumatazoa

46
Q

Parazoa

A

Sponges

No true tissues/organs

47
Q

Eumetazoa

A

True tissues and organs

48
Q

Eumatazoa sub divided into 2 groups

A
  1. Protostomes

2. Deuterostomes

49
Q

Protostomes

A

Mouth originates from 1st opening that appears during embryonic development

Further subdivided into ecdyzoa
Animals that molt

50
Q

Deuterostomas

A

Mouth originates from 2nd opening that forms during embryonic development

51
Q

What is the most successful animal group?

A

Enthropods

Adapted for different environments

Biology 121 (3 decks)

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