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Biology 121 > Ch. 1 Intro/life&adaptation > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Intro/life&adaptation Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution

A

Unifying principle of biology

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2
Q

Natural history

A

Systematic study of organisms/natural objects

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3
Q

Lamarck

A

Defined biology (living things should be studied as a whole)

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4
Q

Aristotle

A

Father of biology

Used empirical evidence/inductive reasoning

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5
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Specific observation from general premise

Theory->confirmation

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6
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

General conclusion from specific observation

(Observation->hypothesis

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7
Q

The scientific method

A
  1. Hypothesis
  2. Observation (experiment)
  3. Data analysis
  4. Conclusions (accept or reject)
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8
Q

All life is:

A

Composed of cells

Contain DNA

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9
Q

Characteristics of life

A
  1. Display order
  2. Use energy
  3. Respond to stimuli
  4. Reproduce
  5. Exhibit homeostasis
  6. Develop
  7. Evolve

Levels of complexity

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10
Q

Al cells contain:

A

DNA, cell membranes, ribosomes

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11
Q

LUCA

A

Last universal common ancestor

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12
Q

Life adapts through evolution:

A

DNA sequence change=mistakes in DNA replication/effects of environmental agents—>MUTATIONS—>biol. evolution

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13
Q

Biol. adaptation

A

Anatomical structure, physiological process/behavioral trait of organism that INCREASES EXPECTED LONG-TERM REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS LEVEL (fitness)

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14
Q

E.g., marine Iguana

A

Adapted salt glands between eyes/nostrils

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15
Q

Behavioral adaptation (e.g., killer whale)

A

Foraging strategies/social structures in response to prey choice

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16
Q

Structural adaptation (e.g., polar bear)

A

Anatomical/morphological

17
Q

How does life adapt?

A

Through evolution

Physical, chemical, and behavioural characteristics change

18
Q

Evolution

A

Results in traits that promote survival and reproductive success

19
Q

Cells

A

Basic structural units of life

Contain DNA, cell membranes, and ribosomes

20
Q

Chemical unity

A

65% oxygen
10%H
19%C
3& N

21
Q

4 biomolecules:

A

CHO
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

22
Q

Why are unicellular organisms so small?

A

Cells are subject to surface area to volume ratio

Surface area lowers as cell volume increases

Cannot meet cell needs

23
Q

How to accomodate for surface area to volume ratio

A

Lower cell size
Multicellular
Cell elongation

24
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Lack membrane bound organelles/Nucleus
No mitosis
DNA in single (circular) chromosome

25
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Membrane-bound nucleus
Mitosis division
DNA organized into multiple chromosomes

26
Q

RO prokaryotes

A

Bifidobacterium
Anabaena
Halobacterium

Biology 121 (3 decks)

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