Chapter 2: Challenges For Managers Flashcards

1
Q

Transnational Organization

A

An organization in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues.

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2
Q

Guanxi

A

The Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange.

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3
Q

Expatriate Manager

A

A manager who works in a country other than her or his home country.

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4
Q

Individualism

A

A cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary concern is for themselves and their families.

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5
Q

Collectivism

A

A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on extended families or clans.

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6
Q

Power Distance

A

The degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.

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7
Q

Uncertainly Avoidance

A

The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.

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8
Q

Masculinity

A

A cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued.

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9
Q

Femininity

A

A cultural orientation in which relationships and concern for others are valued.

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10
Q

Time Orientation

A

Whether a culture’s values are oriented toward the future (long-term orientation) or toward the past and present (short-term orientation).

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11
Q

Diversity

A

All forms of difference among individuals, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation.

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12
Q

Glass Ceiling

A

A transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations.

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13
Q

Consequential Theory

A

An ethical theory that emphasizes the consequences or results of behavior.

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14
Q

Rule-Based Theory

A

An ethical theory that emphasizes the character of the act itself rather than its effects.

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15
Q

Character Theory

A

An ethical theory that emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and intent of the individual.

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16
Q

Distributive Justice

A

The fairness of outcomes that individuals receive in an organization.

17
Q

Procedural Justice

A

The fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated in an organization.

18
Q

Whistle-Blower

A

An employee who informs authorities of the wrongdoings of her or his company or coworkers.

19
Q

Social Responsibility

A

The obligation of an organization to behave ethically in its social environment.

20
Q

Technology

A

The intellectual and mechanical processes used by an organization to transform inputs into products or services that meet its goals.

21
Q

Expert System

A

A computer-based application that uses a representation of human expertise in a specialized field of knowledge to solve problems.

22
Q

Robotics

A

The use of robots in organizations.

23
Q

Telecommuting

A

Electronically transmitting work from a home computer to the office.

24
Q

Reinvention

A

The creative application of new technology.