Chapter 2: Challenges For Managers Flashcards
Transnational Organization
An organization in which the global viewpoint supersedes national issues.
Guanxi
The Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange.
Expatriate Manager
A manager who works in a country other than her or his home country.
Individualism
A cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary concern is for themselves and their families.
Collectivism
A cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on extended families or clans.
Power Distance
The degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.
Uncertainly Avoidance
The degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty.
Masculinity
A cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued.
Femininity
A cultural orientation in which relationships and concern for others are valued.
Time Orientation
Whether a culture’s values are oriented toward the future (long-term orientation) or toward the past and present (short-term orientation).
Diversity
All forms of difference among individuals, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion, personality, social status, and sexual orientation.
Glass Ceiling
A transparent barrier that keeps women from rising above a certain level in organizations.
Consequential Theory
An ethical theory that emphasizes the consequences or results of behavior.
Rule-Based Theory
An ethical theory that emphasizes the character of the act itself rather than its effects.
Character Theory
An ethical theory that emphasizes the character, personal virtues, and intent of the individual.
Distributive Justice
The fairness of outcomes that individuals receive in an organization.
Procedural Justice
The fairness of the process by which outcomes are allocated in an organization.
Whistle-Blower
An employee who informs authorities of the wrongdoings of her or his company or coworkers.
Social Responsibility
The obligation of an organization to behave ethically in its social environment.
Technology
The intellectual and mechanical processes used by an organization to transform inputs into products or services that meet its goals.
Expert System
A computer-based application that uses a representation of human expertise in a specialized field of knowledge to solve problems.
Robotics
The use of robots in organizations.
Telecommuting
Electronically transmitting work from a home computer to the office.
Reinvention
The creative application of new technology.
