Chapter 2 - Cellular Responses To Stress, Injury, & Aging Flashcards
Atrophy
Decrease or shrinkage in cell size
(Can be decrease in individual cell size or decrease in cell numbers)
- most common: in skeletal muscles, heart, secondary sex organs, & brain
Ex: removing a cast
Hyperteophy
Increase in cell size and in the size of the affected organ
Most common: skeletal muscles, heart,& kidneys
Ex: a person with untreated high blood pressure
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells in the organ or tissue
Ex: Breast & uterine enlargement during pregnancy from estrogen stimulation
Regeneration of the liver
Metaplasia
Reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type.
(Occurs when there is chronic inflammation or irritation)
- looks like blisters
Dysplasia
Abnormal changes in the size, shape and organization of mature cells.
- Strong precursor to cancer
Heat does what?
Accelerates metabolism
What happens when we’re cold?
Body vasoconstricts to conserve energy
____________ current is more dangerous than ______________?
Alternating current (AC) is more dangerous than Direct current (DC)
Free Radicals do what?
Causes lots of destruction
Causes of cell injury
Hypoxia?
Most common cause of cell death due to LACK OF OXYGEN
Infarction = ________
Death
Gangrene
A large area of the body undergoes necrosis
Dry Gangrene?
- the body part is dry and shrinks, skin wrinkles, the color is dark brown or black
- spread is slow
Wet Gangrene?
- area of gangrene is cold, swollen, and, pulseless
( more swollen than dry) - spread is rapid and systematic effects can be severe
Gas Gangrene
The Worst of them
Clostridium infection
