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Pathophysiology Exam 1 > Chapter 13 - Disorders Of RBC's > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Disorders Of RBC's Flashcards

1
Q

Hemoglobin does what?

A

Carries Oxygen!

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2
Q

Almost _____% of iron is bound to heme in hemoglobin

A

80%

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3
Q

Iron is stored as _________ in the _________

A

Ferritin

Liver

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4
Q

What is ferritin?

A

Protein-iron complex

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5
Q

What is Spleen also known as and why?

A

“Garbage can”

- it desposes of everything

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6
Q

What is Erythropoiesis?

A

The production of RBC’s

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7
Q

What bones are used for RBC production?

A

Bone Marrow

  • after age of 20yrs old
    - vertebrae, sternum, rubs, & pelvis
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8
Q

What is Erythropoietin?

A

Important hormone

  • 90% of this hormone is produced by the kidneys
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9
Q

________________ is necessary for stimulation of bone marrow?

A

Erythropoietin

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10
Q

Most of the heme unit is converted into _____________?

A

Bilirubin

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11
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin happens when what?

A

When there is an excessive amount of RBC destruction, leading to jaundice

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12
Q

Bilirubin is stored where?

A

In the Liver

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13
Q

Random

Unconjucated bilirubin Jaundice

A

🤓

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14
Q

What is Anemia?

A

Low red blood cells

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15
Q

Example of rapid blood loss?

A

Stabbing

The circulatory system shuts down

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16
Q

Example of slow blood loss?

A

GI bleed
Menstraul period

  • the body may loose 50% before signs and symptoms show up
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17
Q

What is Hemolysis?

A

Break down of blood

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18
Q

What is Sickle Cell Disease?

A

Mutation in beta chains of hemoglobin

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19
Q

Sickle cell disease causes a lot of what?

A

A lot of occlusion

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20
Q

What things does sickle cell disease lead to?

A
  • Chronic hemolytic anemia
  • Pain- can’t pass through as easily causing pain
  • Organ failure
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21
Q

Individuals with a Sickle Cell Disease are at high risk for what?

A

Multi system organ failure

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22
Q

What is Acidosis?

A

Body has to many H ions

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23
Q

When are blood transfusions typically administered?

A

When RBC’s count falls below 7 (<7)

24
Q

What is the typical order of interventions in the hospital for a sickle cell crisis?

A
  1. Always fluids!
  2. Pain management ( pain WON’T kill)

** Physiological first
Pain second

25
Q

When the spleen gets full, the __________ takes over?

26
Q

What is Iron overload?

A

Excess iron in the system can cause damage to the body

27
Q

What happens when we destroy RBC’s?

A

We save the iron

28
Q

What is Beta Thalassemia?

A

Mutation on the B-globin gene causing the DESTRUCTION OF RBC’S

29
Q

What is a major complication of Beta Thalassemia?

A

Coagulation issues (platelets)

30
Q

Beta Thalassemia DOES NOT have a problem with what?

A

RBC production

(RBC production is fine!!$

31
Q

What is the main Management plan for individuals with Beta Thalassemia?

A

Regular blood transfusions to maintain hemoglobin

32
Q

Beta Thalassemia Fact

  • There is no drug to help them (RBC’s) not get destroyed. THUS, why they need regular blood transfusions
33
Q

What is the most common anemia’s for all age groups?

A

Iron deficiency anemia’s

34
Q

Iron deficiency anemia’s are characterized by what?

A
  • Low hemoglobin and hematocrit
  • decreases MCHC and MCV
  • Decreased iron stores
  • Low serum iron and ferritin levels
35
Q

Reasons for iron deficiency anemia’s

A
  • Dietary deficiencies
  • Loss of iron through bleeding
  • Increased body demands
36
Q

In terms of Blood transfusions, each unit of RBC’s will increase the hemoglobin by ___________.

37
Q

What is Megaloblastic Anemia’s?

A

Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Anemia

38
Q

What is the treatment for Megaloblastic Anemia’s?

A

Vitamin B-12 injections for life

39
Q

Why do Individuals with Megaloblastic anemia’s need B-12 injections for life as opposed to a B-12 pill?

A

Because the B-12 can not be absorbed

40
Q

What is the main problem associated with Megaloblastic anemia’s?

A

The inability to absorb B-12 due to the stomach not producing sufficient intrinsic factors

( it goes right through a persons system)

41
Q

What are 2 different kinds of Megaloblastic Anemia’s?

A
  • Vitamin B-12 Deficiency Anemia

- Folic acid deficiency anemia

42
Q

Where is folic acid found?

A
  • Vegetables (green leafy)
  • fruits
  • cereals
  • meats
43
Q

What is folic acid required for?

A

DNA synthesis

Red cell maturation

44
Q

In regard to to eating and folic acid, what is important?

A

Need to eat more raw vegetables. Much of the vitamin is lost with cooking

45
Q

What is the treatment for someone with folic acid deficiency?

A

Give

  • dietary supplement
  • folic acid
46
Q

What is Aplastic Anemia?

A

Disorder of pluripotential bone marrow stem cells

47
Q

The onset of aplastic anemia is _____________ and can be _________ and ___________ when it presents

A

Slow

Sudden & severe

48
Q

What is petechiae?

A

Purple spots on the skin

49
Q

What are the manifestations of Aplastic Anemia?

A
  • Weakness (1)
  • Fatigue (2)
  • Pallor (3)
  • Petechiae (4)
  • Ecchymosis (5)
  • Hemorrhage from the GI tract and mucous membranes (6)
  • increased susceptibility to infection (7)

1,2,3 all due to RBC’s
4,5,6 all due to platelets
7 due to WBC’s

50
Q

What is Venous stasis?

A

Blood stays put and causes blood clots

51
Q

What does MCV stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular volume

52
Q

What does MCH stand for?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

53
Q

What does MCHC mean?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

54
Q

____________ patients do not produce RBC’s as quickly as ____________ individuals do

A

Elderly

Younger

55
Q

Anemia is common in the ____________ due to the decline of hemoglobin levels after the age of ______

A

Elderly

60

56
Q

What complication would you monitor for in an individual diagnosed with aplastic anemia?

A

Bleeding tendencies

Because: they have low platelets

Pathophysiology Exam 1 (10 decks)

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