Chapter 2 book notes

Question 1

ordered government

Answer 1

english colonists saw the need for an orderly regulation of their relationships with one another
-created local government, based on those they knew in england

Question 2

limited gov

Answer 2

the gov is restricted in what it may do, every individual has certain rights that gov can’t take away

Question 3

representative gov

Answer 3

gov should serve the will of the people had also been developing in England for several centuries

Question 4

magna carta

Answer 4

the great charter, sought protection against heavy-handed and arbitrary acts by the king

Question 5

arbitrary

Answer 5

to restrained or limited in the exercise of power

Question 6

due process of law

Answer 6

protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property

Question 7

petition of right

Answer 7

limited the kings power in several ways:

- demanded that the king no longer imprison any person but by lawful judgment of his peers or by law of the land

Question 8

what did the petition of rights challenge?

Answer 8

the idea of the divine right of kings, declaring that even a monarch must obey the law of the land

Question 9

english bill of rights

Answer 9

• prohibited a standing army in peacetime
• required that all parliamentary elections be free
• right to a fair trial

Question 10

royal colonies

Answer 10

subject to the direct control of the crown

Question 11

proprietary colonies

Answer 11

3: maryland, PA, DE

- were organized by a proprietor (person who the king had made a grant of land)

Question 12

charter colonies

Answer 12

kings approval was required before governor could take office

Question 13

new England confederation

Answer 13

a “league of friendships” for defense against native american tribes

Question 14

Albany Plan

Answer 14

to discuss problems of colonial trade/ danger of attacks by the french and native american allies

Question 15

Albany plan of union

Answer 15

franklin proposed the annual congress of delegates from each 13 colonies. Would have the power to raise military forces, make war and peace with natives and trade with them

Question 16

stamp act of 1765

Answer 16

required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, business agreements, and newspapers

Question 17

stamp act congress

Answer 17

9 colonies met in NY to create the declaration of rights and grievances, against the new British policies and sent it to the king

Question 18

1st continental congress

Answer 18

officials met and discussed the worsening situation. sent a declaration of rights (protesting britian’s colonial policies) to king George III
-was the result of the intolerable acts, were made to punish colonists

Question 19

2nd continental congress

Answer 19

british refused to compromise

- met in Philly, lexington and concord had been fought before and the revolution had started

Question 20

who was apointed at the 2nd continental congress?

Answer 20

John Hancock- president of the congress

George Washington- commander-in-cheif

Question 21

what did the 2nd continental congress serve as?

Answer 21

the US’s government for the next 5 years

Question 22

what did the 2nd continental congress do?

Answer 22

declaration of independence, articles of confederation, fought a war, raised an army, created a money system,

Question 23

declaration of independence

Answer 23

made mainly by jefferson, but also franklin, john adams, livingston, and sherman
-proclaimed the existence of the new nation

Question 24

why was the declaration groundbreaking

Answer 24

-no one had ever thought that people should rule instead of being ruled over, and also the idea of everyone being created equal and having unalienable rights was never thought of before

Question 25

popular sovereignty

Answer 25

a gov that exists only with the consent of the governed

Question 26

Articles of confederation

Answer 26

established "a firm league of friendship" the states came together for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare

Question 27

what was needed before the articles went into effect

Answer 27

the ratification of each of the 13 states was required

Question 28

powers of congress

Answer 28

could make war and peace, send and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, build navy, raise an army, and settle disputes among states

Question 29

state obligations

Answer 29

promised to provide the funds and troops requested by congress, treat citizens of other states fairly and equally -agreed to surrender fugitives from justice to one another, and allow open travel and trade among the states

Question 30

weaknesses of the articles

Answer 30

- congress didn't have the power to tax - didn't have the power to regulate trade between states - lack of power to make states obey the articles

Question 31

Shays rebellion

Answer 31

led an armed uprising that forced several state judges to close their courts. Shays fled to Vermont after officials quieted the rebellion -reaction: Massachusetts legislature passed laws to ease the burden of debtors

Question 32

what state did not send delegate's to Philly?

Answer 32

Rhode Island

Question 33

The framers

Answer 33

made up mainly of educated white men, all were heavily involved in GOV James Madison, Ben Franklin, geroge Washington, Alex hamilton

Question 34

organization of the constitutional convention

Answer 34

- each state got 1 vote on all matters -elected George Washington as president of the convention - met to create an entirely new gov. -

Question 35

virginia plan

Answer 35

james Madison - wanted 3 seperate branches (leg,jud,exec) - congress would choose a national executive and a national judiciary

Question 36

New Jersey Plan

Answer 36

-unicameral congress of the confederation -wanted to closely regulate tax and trade between states -

Question 37

connecticut compromise

Answer 37

- congress should be composed of 2 houses. - in the senate, states would be represented equally - in the house, the representation of each state would be based on its population

Question 38

3/5th's compromise

Answer 38

south argues that slaves should be counted, north said nah - all free persons should be counted and so should 3/5 of all other persons - the southerners could count their slaves, but would have to pay for them

Question 39

commerce and slave trade compromise

Answer 39

south was afraid that congress would act against their interests - congress was forbidden to tax the export of goods from any state/ also forbidden to act on slave trade for 20 years

Question 40

what did the constitution decide on?

Answer 40

the details of the structure of congress, the method by which the president was to be chosen, and the practical limits that should be put on the several powers to be given to the new central government.

Question 41

federalist

Answer 41

favored ratification -worried that the presidency could become a monarchy -congress too powerful -

Question 42

antifederalists

Answer 42

opposed ratification

Question 43

ratification of the constitution

Answer 43

took awhile for all states to ratify, delaware was first, followed by PA, after New Hampshire ratified, it should have brought the constitution into effect. It couldn't without NY and Virginia

Question 44

Virginias ratification

Answer 44

followed new hampshires by 4 days. after Jefferson was swung, virginia ratified

Question 45

New York ratification

Answer 45

NY approval was necessary, victory was won by alexander hamilton

Question 46

Inauguration

Answer 46

NY was selected temporary capitol, Geroge washington elected as a unanimous vote, John adams Vice president