Chapter 2 book notes Flashcards
ordered government
english colonists saw the need for an orderly regulation of their relationships with one another
-created local government, based on those they knew in england
limited gov
the gov is restricted in what it may do, every individual has certain rights that gov can’t take away
representative gov
gov should serve the will of the people had also been developing in England for several centuries
magna carta
the great charter, sought protection against heavy-handed and arbitrary acts by the king
arbitrary
to restrained or limited in the exercise of power
due process of law
protection against the arbitrary taking of life, liberty, or property
petition of right
limited the kings power in several ways:
- demanded that the king no longer imprison any person but by lawful judgment of his peers or by law of the land
what did the petition of rights challenge?
the idea of the divine right of kings, declaring that even a monarch must obey the law of the land
english bill of rights
- prohibited a standing army in peacetime
- required that all parliamentary elections be free
- right to a fair trial
royal colonies
subject to the direct control of the crown
proprietary colonies
3: maryland, PA, DE
- were organized by a proprietor (person who the king had made a grant of land)
charter colonies
kings approval was required before governor could take office
new England confederation
a “league of friendships” for defense against native american tribes
Albany Plan
to discuss problems of colonial trade/ danger of attacks by the french and native american allies
Albany plan of union
franklin proposed the annual congress of delegates from each 13 colonies. Would have the power to raise military forces, make war and peace with natives and trade with them
stamp act of 1765
required the use of tax stamps on all legal documents, business agreements, and newspapers
stamp act congress
9 colonies met in NY to create the declaration of rights and grievances, against the new British policies and sent it to the king
1st continental congress
officials met and discussed the worsening situation. sent a declaration of rights (protesting britian’s colonial policies) to king George III
-was the result of the intolerable acts, were made to punish colonists
2nd continental congress
british refused to compromise
- met in Philly, lexington and concord had been fought before and the revolution had started
who was apointed at the 2nd continental congress?
John Hancock- president of the congress
George Washington- commander-in-cheif
what did the 2nd continental congress serve as?
the US’s government for the next 5 years
what did the 2nd continental congress do?
declaration of independence, articles of confederation, fought a war, raised an army, created a money system,
declaration of independence
made mainly by jefferson, but also franklin, john adams, livingston, and sherman
-proclaimed the existence of the new nation
why was the declaration groundbreaking
-no one had ever thought that people should rule instead of being ruled over, and also the idea of everyone being created equal and having unalienable rights was never thought of before
popular sovereignty
a gov that exists only with the consent of the governed
Articles of confederation
established “a firm league of friendship” the states came together for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare
what was needed before the articles went into effect
the ratification of each of the 13 states was required
powers of congress
could make war and peace, send and receive ambassadors, make treaties, borrow money, set up a money system, build navy, raise an army, and settle disputes among states
state obligations
promised to provide the funds and troops requested by congress, treat citizens of other states fairly and equally
-agreed to surrender fugitives from justice to one another, and allow open travel and trade among the states
weaknesses of the articles
- congress didn’t have the power to tax
- didn’t have the power to regulate trade between states
- lack of power to make states obey the articles
Shays rebellion
led an armed uprising that forced several state judges to close their courts. Shays fled to Vermont after officials quieted the rebellion
-reaction: Massachusetts legislature passed laws to ease the burden of debtors
what state did not send delegate’s to Philly?
Rhode Island
The framers
made up mainly of educated white men, all were heavily involved in GOV James Madison, Ben Franklin, geroge Washington, Alex hamilton
organization of the constitutional convention
- each state got 1 vote on all matters
-elected George Washington as president of the convention - ## met to create an entirely new gov.
virginia plan
james Madison
- wanted 3 seperate branches (leg,jud,exec)
- congress would choose a national executive and a national judiciary
New Jersey Plan
-unicameral congress of the confederation
-wanted to closely regulate tax and trade between states
-
connecticut compromise
- congress should be composed of 2 houses.
- in the senate, states would be represented equally
- in the house, the representation of each state would be based on its population
3/5th’s compromise
south argues that slaves should be counted, north said nah
- all free persons should be counted and so should 3/5 of all other persons
- the southerners could count their slaves, but would have to pay for them
commerce and slave trade compromise
south was afraid that congress would act against their interests
- congress was forbidden to tax the export of goods from any state/ also forbidden to act on slave trade for 20 years
what did the constitution decide on?
the details of the structure of congress, the method by which the president was to be chosen, and the practical limits that should be put on the several powers to be given to the new central government.
federalist
favored ratification
-worried that the presidency could become a monarchy
-congress too powerful
-
antifederalists
opposed ratification
ratification of the constitution
took awhile for all states to ratify, delaware was first, followed by PA, after New Hampshire ratified, it should have brought the constitution into effect. It couldn’t without NY and Virginia
Virginias ratification
followed new hampshires by 4 days. after Jefferson was swung, virginia ratified
New York ratification
NY approval was necessary, victory was won by alexander hamilton
Inauguration
NY was selected temporary capitol, Geroge washington elected as a unanimous vote, John adams Vice president
