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Terminology > Chapter 2: Body Organization > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards

1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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3
Q

anter/o

A

front

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4
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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5
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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6
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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7
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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8
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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9
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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10
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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11
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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12
Q

crur/o

A

leg

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13
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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14
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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15
Q

dist/o

A

away from

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16
Q

dors/o

A

back of body

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17
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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18
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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19
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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20
Q

glute/o

A

buttock

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21
Q

gynec/o

A

woman

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22
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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23
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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24
Q

immun/o

A

protection

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25
Q

infer/o

A

below

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26
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

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27
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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28
Q

later/o

A

side

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29
Q

lumb/o

A

loin

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30
Q

lymph/o

A

lympth

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31
Q

medi/o

A

middle

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32
Q

muscul/o

A

muscles

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33
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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34
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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35
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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36
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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37
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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38
Q

pariet/o

A

cavity wall

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39
Q

ped/o

A

foot

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40
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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41
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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42
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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43
Q

poster/o

A

back

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44
Q

proct/o

A

rectum & anus

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45
Q

proxim/o

A

near to

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46
Q

pub/o

A

genital region

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47
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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48
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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49
Q

spin/o

A

spine

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50
Q

super/o

A

above

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51
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

52
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

53
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

54
Q

ventr/o

A

belly

55
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

56
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organ

57
Q

Three basic components of all cells

A

(1) nucleus: containing cell DNA, (2) cytoplasm: watery internal environment, (3) cell membrane: outermost boundary of a cell, encloses cytoplasm

58
Q

Examples of general cell functions

A

reproduction, hormone secretion, energy production, excretion

59
Q

Study of cells and their function

A

cytology

60
Q

Four types of tissue

A

(1) muscle tissue, (2) epithelial tissue, (3) connective tissue, (4) nervous tissue

61
Q

Function of muscle tissue

A

produce movement through contraction, or shortening in length

62
Q

Location of epithelial tissue

A

form coverings and lining of body structures

ex. top layer of skin, lining of stomach

63
Q

Types of muscle tissue

A

(1) skeletal muscle: attached to bone, (2) smooth muscle: in internal organs, such as uterus & blood vessels, (3) cardiac muscle: only in heart

64
Q

Specializations of epithelial tissue

A

(1) absorb substances, (2) secrete substances, (3) excrete wastes

65
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

supports and protects body structures

ex. bone, cartilage, tendons, adipose tissue

66
Q

Function of nervous tissue

A

Allows for conduction of electrical impulses to send information between brain and body;

ex. brain, spinal cord & all nerves in the body

67
Q

Organ system that provides a two-way protective barrier that aids in temperature regulation

A

integumentary system

68
Q

Organ system that supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, stores minerals and produces movement

A

musculoskeletal (MS) system

69
Q

Organ system that pumps blood through the body

A

cardiovascular (CV) system

70
Q

Organ system that transports oxygen, protects against pathogens and controls bleeding

A

hematic system (blood)

71
Q

Organ system that protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens

A

lymphatic system

72
Q

Organ system that obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body

A

respiratory system

73
Q

Organ system that ingests, digests and absorbs nutrients for the body

A

digestive/gastrointestinal (GI) system

74
Q

Organ system that filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body

A

urinary system

75
Q

Organ system that produces eggs for reproduction and provides a place for a growing baby

A

female reproductive system

76
Q

Organ system that produces sperm

A

male reproductive system

77
Q

Organ system that regulates metabolic activities in the body

A

endocrine system

78
Q

Organ system that receives sensory information and coordinates the body’s response to stimuli

A

nervous system

79
Q

Number of organ systems in the body

A

12

80
Q

Organs that provide vision, hearing and balance

A

special senses

81
Q

Vertical body plane that runs lengthwise from front to back and divides the body into right and left portions (may be unequal portions)

A

sagittal (median) plane

82
Q

Vertical body plane that runs lengthwise from side to side and divides the body into front and back portions

A

frontal (coronal) plane

83
Q

Horizontal body plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

A

transverse (horizontal) plane

84
Q

Interval view of body structure produced by a slice lengthwise along the long axis of a structure

A

longitudinal section

85
Q

Internal view of body structure produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

A

cross-section

86
Q

Anatomical name for the entire head

A

cephalic region

87
Q

Anatomical name for the neck

A

cervical region

88
Q

Anatomical name for the torso

A

trunk

89
Q

Anatomical name for the chest on the anterior side of the thorax

A

thoracic region

90
Q

Anatomical name for the abdomen on the anterior side of the thorax

A

abdominal region

91
Q

Anatomical name for the pelvis on the anterior side of the thorax

A

pelvic region

92
Q

Anatomical name for the external genital area on the anterior side of the thorax

A

pubic region

93
Q

Anatomical name for the back on the posterior side of the thorax

A

dorsum

94
Q

Anatomical name for the spinal column on the posterior side of the thorax

A

vertebral region

95
Q

Anatomical name for the buttocks on the posterior side of the trunk

A

gluteal region

96
Q

Anatomical name for the arms

A

brachial region/upper extremities

97
Q

Anatomical name for the legs

A

crural region/lower extremities

98
Q

Four major cavities of the body

A

dorsal: (1) cranial cavity, (2) spinal cavity,
ventral: (3) thoracic cavity, (4) abdominopelvic cavity

99
Q

Structure that forms the border between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

A

diaphragm

100
Q

Central region between the two lungs

A

mediastinum

Contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland

100
Q

Central region between the two lungs

A

mediastinum

Contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland

101
Q

Word referring to organs of the ventral cavities

A

viscera

102
Q

Two-layer membrane that lines body cavities and encases viscera in the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

103
Q

Two-layer membrane that lines body cavities and encases viscera in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

104
Q

Outer layer that lines body cavities

A

parietal layer

ex. parietal pleura, parietal peritoneum

105
Q

Inner layer that encases vescera

A

visceral layer

ex. visceral pleura, vesceral peritoneum

106
Q

Two subdivisons of the thoracic pleura

A

(1) pleural cavity: contains the lungs, (2) pericardial cavity: contains the heart

107
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the right lateral region of the top row of the tic-tac-toe board, beneath the lower ribs

A

right hypochondriac region

108
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the middle area of the upper row above the stomach

A

epigastric region

109
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the left lateral region of the top row, beneath the lower ribs

A

left hypochondriac region

110
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the right lateral region of the middle row at the waist

A

right lumbar region

111
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the central area over the navel

A

umbilical region

112
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the left lateral region of the middle row at the waist

A

left lumbar region

113
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the right lateral region of the lower row at the groin

A

right iliac region

114
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the middle region of the lower row beneath the navel

A

hypogastric region

115
Q

Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the left lateral region of the lower row at the groin

A

left iliac region

116
Q

Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the majority of the liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines and colon

A

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

117
Q

Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the small intestine, colon, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix and right ureter

A

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

118
Q

Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains a small portion of the liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestine and colon

A

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

119
Q

Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the small intestine, colon, left ovary, left fallopian tube and left ureter

A

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

120
Q

Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the uterus, bladder and/or prostate gland

A

midline organs

121
Q

Near the point of attachment

A

proximal

122
Q

Away from the point of attachment

A

distal

123
Q

Position of laying on the back

A

supine

124
Q

Position of laying on the belly

A

prone

125
Q

The study of tissues

A

histology

Terminology (10 decks)

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