Chapter 2: Body Organization Flashcards
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
adip/o
A
fat
3
Q
anter/o
A
front
4
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
5
Q
cardi/o
A
heart
6
Q
caud/o
A
tail
7
Q
cephal/o
A
head
8
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
9
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
10
Q
crani/o
A
skull
11
Q
crin/o
A
to secrete
12
Q
crur/o
A
leg
13
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
14
Q
dermat/o
A
skin
15
Q
dist/o
A
away from
16
Q
dors/o
A
back of body
17
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
18
Q
epitheli/o
A
epithelium
19
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
20
Q
glute/o
A
buttock
21
Q
gynec/o
A
woman
22
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
23
Q
hist/o
A
tissue
24
Q
immun/o
A
protection
25
infer/o
below
26
inguin/o
groin
27
laryng/o
larynx
28
later/o
side
29
lumb/o
loin
30
lymph/o
lympth
31
medi/o
middle
32
muscul/o
muscles
33
nephr/o
kidney
34
neur/o
nerve
35
ophthalm/o
eye
36
ot/o
ear
37
orth/o
straight, upright
38
pariet/o
cavity wall
39
ped/o
foot
40
pelv/o
pelvis
41
peritone/o
peritoneum
42
pleur/o
pleura
43
poster/o
back
44
proct/o
rectum & anus
45
proxim/o
near to
46
pub/o
genital region
47
pulmon/o
lung
48
rhin/o
nose
49
spin/o
spine
50
super/o
above
51
thorac/o
chest
52
ur/o, urin/o
urine
53
vascul/o
blood vessel
54
ventr/o
belly
55
vertebr/o
vertebra
56
viscer/o
internal organ
57
Three basic components of all cells
(1) nucleus: containing cell DNA, (2) cytoplasm: watery internal environment, (3) cell membrane: outermost boundary of a cell, encloses cytoplasm
58
Examples of general cell functions
reproduction, hormone secretion, energy production, excretion
59
Study of cells and their function
cytology
60
Four types of tissue
(1) muscle tissue, (2) epithelial tissue, (3) connective tissue, (4) nervous tissue
61
Function of muscle tissue
produce movement through contraction, or shortening in length
62
Location of epithelial tissue
form coverings and lining of body structures
ex. top layer of skin, lining of stomach
63
Types of muscle tissue
(1) skeletal muscle: attached to bone, (2) smooth muscle: in internal organs, such as uterus & blood vessels, (3) cardiac muscle: only in heart
64
Specializations of epithelial tissue
(1) absorb substances, (2) secrete substances, (3) excrete wastes
65
Function of connective tissue
supports and protects body structures
ex. bone, cartilage, tendons, adipose tissue
66
Function of nervous tissue
Allows for conduction of electrical impulses to send information between brain and body;
ex. brain, spinal cord & all nerves in the body
67
Organ system that provides a two-way protective barrier that aids in temperature regulation
integumentary system
68
Organ system that supports and protects the body, forms blood cells, stores minerals and produces movement
musculoskeletal (MS) system
69
Organ system that pumps blood through the body
cardiovascular (CV) system
70
Organ system that transports oxygen, protects against pathogens and controls bleeding
hematic system (blood)
71
Organ system that protects the body from disease and invasion from pathogens
lymphatic system
72
Organ system that obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body
respiratory system
73
Organ system that ingests, digests and absorbs nutrients for the body
digestive/gastrointestinal (GI) system
74
Organ system that filters waste products out of the blood and removes them from the body
urinary system
75
Organ system that produces eggs for reproduction and provides a place for a growing baby
female reproductive system
76
Organ system that produces sperm
male reproductive system
77
Organ system that regulates metabolic activities in the body
endocrine system
78
Organ system that receives sensory information and coordinates the body's response to stimuli
nervous system
79
Number of organ systems in the body
12
80
Organs that provide vision, hearing and balance
special senses
81
Vertical body plane that runs lengthwise from front to back and divides the body into right and left portions (may be unequal portions)
sagittal (median) plane
82
Vertical body plane that runs lengthwise from side to side and divides the body into front and back portions
frontal (coronal) plane
83
Horizontal body plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions
transverse (horizontal) plane
84
Interval view of body structure produced by a slice lengthwise along the long axis of a structure
longitudinal section
85
Internal view of body structure produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of a structure
cross-section
86
Anatomical name for the entire head
cephalic region
87
Anatomical name for the neck
cervical region
88
Anatomical name for the torso
trunk
89
Anatomical name for the chest on the anterior side of the thorax
thoracic region
90
Anatomical name for the abdomen on the anterior side of the thorax
abdominal region
91
Anatomical name for the pelvis on the anterior side of the thorax
pelvic region
92
Anatomical name for the external genital area on the anterior side of the thorax
pubic region
93
Anatomical name for the back on the posterior side of the thorax
dorsum
94
Anatomical name for the spinal column on the posterior side of the thorax
vertebral region
95
Anatomical name for the buttocks on the posterior side of the trunk
gluteal region
96
Anatomical name for the arms
brachial region/upper extremities
97
Anatomical name for the legs
crural region/lower extremities
98
Four major cavities of the body
dorsal: (1) cranial cavity, (2) spinal cavity,
ventral: (3) thoracic cavity, (4) abdominopelvic cavity
99
Structure that forms the border between the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
diaphragm
100
Central region between the two lungs
mediastinum
Contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland
100
Central region between the two lungs
mediastinum
Contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea and thymus gland
101
Word referring to organs of the ventral cavities
viscera
102
Two-layer membrane that lines body cavities and encases viscera in the thoracic cavity
pleura
103
Two-layer membrane that lines body cavities and encases viscera in the abdominopelvic cavity
peritoneum
104
Outer layer that lines body cavities
parietal layer
ex. parietal pleura, parietal peritoneum
105
Inner layer that encases vescera
visceral layer
ex. visceral pleura, vesceral peritoneum
106
Two subdivisons of the thoracic pleura
(1) pleural cavity: contains the lungs, (2) pericardial cavity: contains the heart
107
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the right lateral region of the top row of the tic-tac-toe board, beneath the lower ribs
right hypochondriac region
108
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the middle area of the upper row above the stomach
epigastric region
109
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the left lateral region of the top row, beneath the lower ribs
left hypochondriac region
110
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the right lateral region of the middle row at the waist
right lumbar region
111
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the central area over the navel
umbilical region
112
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the left lateral region of the middle row at the waist
left lumbar region
113
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the right lateral region of the lower row at the groin
right iliac region
114
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the middle region of the lower row beneath the navel
hypogastric region
115
Anatomical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that includes the left lateral region of the lower row at the groin
left iliac region
116
Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the majority of the liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines and colon
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
117
Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the small intestine, colon, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix and right ureter
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
118
Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains a small portion of the liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestine and colon
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
119
Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the small intestine, colon, left ovary, left fallopian tube and left ureter
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
120
Clinical division of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the uterus, bladder and/or prostate gland
midline organs
121
Near the point of attachment
proximal
122
Away from the point of attachment
distal
123
Position of laying on the back
supine
124
Position of laying on the belly
prone
125
The study of tissues
histology
