chapter 2: biomechanics

Question 1

biomechanics

Answer 1

the machinery or working parts of living things

Question 2

1st Class Lever

Answer 2

effort force (muscle force) , axis (point at which lever is moved around), resistance force (weight or gravity being moved)
- effort - axis - resistance
ex: neck muscles

Question 3

2nd class lever

Answer 3

axis- resistance- effort
ex: raising calf muscles

Question 4

3rd class lever

Answer 4

axis- effort - resistance
* the most common in the human body*

Question 5

lever

Answer 5

a rigid segment that rotates about a fixed axis

Question 6

newtons first law (law of inertia)

Answer 6

an object at rest/motion will remain at rest/motion until a force is applied on it

Question 7

newtons 2nd law (law of acceleration)

Answer 7

the force required to accelerate an object is directly related to the mass of the object

Question 8

newtons 3rd law ( law of action/reaction)

Answer 8

for every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction

Question 9

static movement

Answer 9

object is still or not in motion (or in a constant state of motion)
- done post exercise

Question 10

dynamic movement

Answer 10

study of moving objects
- pre exercise
- kinematics
- kinetics

Question 11

Kinematics

Answer 11

the description of motion

Question 12

kinetics

Answer 12

the study of force
the effects of those forces
- newton (N), force is defined as a push or pull

Question 13

Linear kinematics

Answer 13

Rectilinear: point a to point b all fall on a straight line
Curvilinear : point a to point b on a curved path

Question 14

Angular Motion

Answer 14

All points on an object rotate around a fixed point

Question 15

General motion

Answer 15

A combo of linear and angular
- the most “general” or sports movements that don’t fit into a specific category

Question 16

Internal forces

Answer 16

• located within the object of interest
• think of a muscle moving the body or an engine moving a vehicle

Question 17

External Forces

Answer 17

• located outside the object of interest
• results from the object of interest interacting with the environment

Question 18

uniaxial loads

Answer 18

loads that are applied in one direction
- tension, compression, shear

Question 19

multiaxial loads

Answer 19

the direction of forces is different to each other

Question 20

unloaded

Answer 20

nothing, no tension on bone

Question 21

tension

Answer 21

being pulled in both directions

Question 22

compression

Answer 22

pressing in on both directions

Question 23

shear

Answer 23

pushed in opposite directions

Question 24

bending

Answer 24

any long bone

Question 25

torsion

Answer 25

twisting in opposite directions

Question 26

combined (torsion and compression)

Answer 26

pressed in on both directions and twisted in opposite directions