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Intro to Psychology > Chapter 2 - Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Biology and Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of neuron

A

dendrites, cell body, axon

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2
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical communicators across synapse

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3
Q

Examples of neurotransmitters

A

dopamine, seratonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, endorphins

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4
Q

Myelin sheath

A

a fatty, insulating layer that wraps around the axons (nerve fibers) of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems

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5
Q

myelination

A

the process of forming a protective layer called the myelin sheath around the axons (nerve fibers) of neurons

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6
Q

Action potential

A

the change in electric potential that propagates along the axon of a neuron during the transmission of a nerve impulse or the contraction of a muscle.

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7
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal chord

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8
Q

Parts of brain

A

Brainstem, Medulla, Pons, Reticular formation, Midbrain, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic system - amygdala and hippocampus, Cerebellum, Corpus callosum, Cerebral cortex

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9
Q

Brainstem

A

connects brain to spinal chord.
Medulla, Pons, Midbrain
SURVIVAL/Ancient brain

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10
Q

Medulla

A

extends from the spinal chord to the forebrain..
survival & vital functions: makes sure cardiovascular and respiratory systems are functioning properly.
Also contains nuclei for reflexive actions such as vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing.

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11
Q

Pons

A

(Pons means bridge in latin)
Connects Medulla and the Midbrain.
Regulates sleep-wake cycles.
Coordinates movement between left and right sides of body.
Contains nuclei for sensations from the head and face, motor movement for the eyes, face, and mouth,
hearing
Equilibrium
Autonomic functions (tear, saliva production)

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12
Q

Midbrain

A

Part of brainstem above Pons
eye movements and visual processing.
Auditory processing.
Dopamine producing nuclei
Motivation/reward
generates movement patterns in response to stimuli

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13
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Located in the midbrain.
It’s an intricate web of neurons that is responsible for levels of arousal/consciousness. so whether you are awake, dozing off, or somewhere in between. Also filters out sensory data that isn’t important (background noise, etc.)

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14
Q

Cerebellum

A

“LIttle brain” in lattin.
A structure located behind the brainstem that is responsible for muscle coordination and balance.

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15
Q

hypothalamus

A

Keeps equilibrium.
The hypothalamus is an area of the brain that produces hormones that control:

Body temperature
Heart rate
Hunger
Mood
Release of hormones from many glands, especially the pituitary gland
Sex drive
Sleep
Thirst
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16
Q

Limbic System

A

learning, memory, emotion. Amygdala and Hippocampus

17
Q

Amygdala

A

Processes aggression and basic emotions like fear, and the memories associated with them.

18
Q

hippocampus

A

primarily responsible for processing and forming new memories from experiences.

19
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects right and left hemisphere

20
Q

Cerebral cortex 4 lobes

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

21
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Organize information among the other lobes of the brain; responsible for higher level cognitive functions, such as thinking, perception, and impulse control.
speaking
planning
judging
abstract thinking
personality aspects

22
Q

parietal lobes

A

somasensatory. receive and process sensory information, orient the body in space.

23
Q

occipital lobes

A

process visual information, help us see

24
Q

temporal lobes

A

comprehension of hearing and language; process auditory stimuli; recognize visual objects; key role in language comprehension and memory.

25
Q

association areas

A

regions of the cortex that integrate information from all over the brain, allowing s to learn, think in abstract terms, and carry out other intellectual tasks.

26
Q

Lateralization

A

the tendency for the left and right hemispheres to excel in certain activities.

27
Q

Left hemisphere

A

language processing

28
Q

Right hemisphere

A

visual-spacial tasks

29
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the brain’s ability to heal, grow new connections, and reorganize in order to adapt to the environment.

30
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

sends sensory data to the cns

31
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

(part of autonomic nervous system)
fight/flight
raises heart rate
releases glucose from liver
constricts blood vessels

32
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

(part of autonomic nervous system)
rest & digest
actions that occur in a state of relaxation

33
Q

hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

A

a neuroendocrine system that helps the body manage stress and maintain homeostasis. It’s made up of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, which work together to release hormones into the blood in response to stressful stimuli

Intro to Psychology (4 decks)

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