Chapter 2- Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

the basic principles of anatomy and physiology are ultimately based on

A

principles of chemistry

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2
Q

major elements?

A

C H O P S Ca N Cl I K Na Mg Fe

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3
Q

inorganic molecules have

A

no C-C or C-H bonds

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4
Q

substance in which other substances….

A

dissolve

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5
Q

a solute is a substance that is…

A

dissolved

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6
Q

what is an aqueous solution?

A

a mixture where water is the solvent (universal)

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7
Q

organic compounds contain…

A

C-C or C-H covalent bonds

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8
Q

carbs formula?

A

Cn (H2O)n

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9
Q

carbs are the body’s main source of…

A

energy

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10
Q

carbohydrates are…

A

monosaccharides

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11
Q

______ is our primary energy but it has to be processed.

A

Glucose

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12
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

double sugar

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13
Q

what is sucrose?

A

table sugar= glucose + fructose

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14
Q

what is lactose?

A

major sugar in milk= glucose + galactose

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15
Q

what is maltose?

A

product of starch digestion= glucose + glucose

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16
Q

examples of polysaccharide?

A

starches, cellulose, glycogen in animals

17
Q

lipids (fats) are made of…

A

glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains

18
Q

function of lipids?

A

stored energy, insulation, padding, not body’s first choice of energy but can be used for it

19
Q

what is a Saturated fat and list examples?

A

no double bonds, solid, linked to heart disease

steak cheese eggs

20
Q

what are unsaturated fats and examples?

A

one or more double bonds

vegetable oil

21
Q

is unsaturated liquid or solid?

22
Q

what are transfats?

A

man made, bombarded with H+, hydrogenated, bad for us

23
Q

steroids are a large group of compounds whose principle component is….

A

cholesterol

24
Q

steroids make hormones such as…

A

estrogen and testosterone

25
proteins are made of...
amino acids bonded together
26
unsaturated fats make HDL/LDL go what ways?
HDL: up LDL: down
27
saturated fats make HDL/LDL do what?
HDL: up LDL: up
28
trans fats make HDL/LDL do what?
HDL: down LDL: up
29
+ and - charges cause what to happen?
hydrogen bonds to form
30
proteins have ____ shapes
complex
31
PROTEINS CAN BE polar/nonpolar/either
either
32
functions of proteins?
body structure, antibodies, many hormones, enzymes, can be used for energy but not first choice
33
nucleic acids basic building block?
nucleotide
34
nucleotides are made up of what 3 things?
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base
35
function of DNA?
master code for assembling proteins and other nucleic acids. transmission of traits (heredity) (double helix)
36
RNA IS NEVER....
double stranded
37
functions of RNA?
carries message of DNA, acts as a template for assembly of proteins
38
what is ATP?
body's main energy!
39
why is water a polar molecule?
opposite charges