Chapter 2- Biochemistry

Question 1

the basic principles of anatomy and physiology are ultimately based on

Answer 1

principles of chemistry

Question 2

major elements?

Answer 2

C H O P S Ca N Cl I K Na Mg Fe

Question 3

inorganic molecules have

Answer 3

no C-C or C-H bonds

Question 4

substance in which other substances….

Answer 4

dissolve

Question 5

a solute is a substance that is…

Answer 5

dissolved

Question 6

what is an aqueous solution?

Answer 6

a mixture where water is the solvent (universal)

Question 7

organic compounds contain…

Answer 7

C-C or C-H covalent bonds

Question 8

carbs formula?

Answer 8

Cn (H2O)n

Question 9

carbs are the body’s main source of…

Answer 9

energy

Question 10

carbohydrates are…

Answer 10

monosaccharides

Question 11

______ is our primary energy but it has to be processed.

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

what is a disaccharide?

Answer 12

double sugar

Question 13

what is sucrose?

Answer 13

table sugar= glucose + fructose

Question 14

what is lactose?

Answer 14

major sugar in milk= glucose + galactose

Question 15

what is maltose?

Answer 15

product of starch digestion= glucose + glucose

Question 16

examples of polysaccharide?

Answer 16

starches, cellulose, glycogen in animals

Question 17

lipids (fats) are made of…

Answer 17

glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains

Question 18

function of lipids?

Answer 18

stored energy, insulation, padding, not body’s first choice of energy but can be used for it

Question 19

what is a Saturated fat and list examples?

Answer 19

no double bonds, solid, linked to heart disease

steak cheese eggs

Question 20

what are unsaturated fats and examples?

Answer 20

one or more double bonds

vegetable oil

Question 21

is unsaturated liquid or solid?

Answer 21

liquid

Question 22

what are transfats?

Answer 22

man made, bombarded with H+, hydrogenated, bad for us

Question 23

steroids are a large group of compounds whose principle component is….

Answer 23

cholesterol

Question 24

steroids make hormones such as…

Answer 24

estrogen and testosterone

Question 25

proteins are made of…

Answer 25

amino acids bonded together

Question 26

unsaturated fats make HDL/LDL go what ways?

Answer 26

HDL: up
LDL: down

Question 27

saturated fats make HDL/LDL do what?

Answer 27

HDL: up
LDL: up

Question 28

trans fats make HDL/LDL do what?

Answer 28

HDL: down
LDL: up

Question 29

+ and - charges cause what to happen?

Answer 29

hydrogen bonds to form

Question 30

proteins have ____ shapes

Answer 30

complex

Question 31

PROTEINS CAN BE polar/nonpolar/either

Answer 31

either

Question 32

functions of proteins?

Answer 32

body structure, antibodies, many hormones, enzymes, can be used for energy but not first choice

Question 33

nucleic acids basic building block?

Answer 33

nucleotide

Question 34

nucleotides are made up of what 3 things?

Answer 34

phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base

Question 35

function of DNA?

Answer 35

master code for assembling proteins and other nucleic acids. transmission of traits (heredity)
(double helix)

Question 36

RNA IS NEVER….

Answer 36

double stranded

Question 37

functions of RNA?

Answer 37

carries message of DNA, acts as a template for assembly of proteins

Question 38

what is ATP?

Answer 38

body’s main energy!

Question 39

why is water a polar molecule?

Answer 39

opposite charges