Chapter 2- Biochemistry Flashcards
the basic principles of anatomy and physiology are ultimately based on
principles of chemistry
major elements?
C H O P S Ca N Cl I K Na Mg Fe
inorganic molecules have
no C-C or C-H bonds
substance in which other substances….
dissolve
a solute is a substance that is…
dissolved
what is an aqueous solution?
a mixture where water is the solvent (universal)
organic compounds contain…
C-C or C-H covalent bonds
carbs formula?
Cn (H2O)n
carbs are the body’s main source of…
energy
carbohydrates are…
monosaccharides
______ is our primary energy but it has to be processed.
Glucose
what is a disaccharide?
double sugar
what is sucrose?
table sugar= glucose + fructose
what is lactose?
major sugar in milk= glucose + galactose
what is maltose?
product of starch digestion= glucose + glucose
examples of polysaccharide?
starches, cellulose, glycogen in animals
lipids (fats) are made of…
glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains
function of lipids?
stored energy, insulation, padding, not body’s first choice of energy but can be used for it
what is a Saturated fat and list examples?
no double bonds, solid, linked to heart disease
steak cheese eggs
what are unsaturated fats and examples?
one or more double bonds
vegetable oil
is unsaturated liquid or solid?
liquid
what are transfats?
man made, bombarded with H+, hydrogenated, bad for us
steroids are a large group of compounds whose principle component is….
cholesterol
steroids make hormones such as…
estrogen and testosterone
proteins are made of…
amino acids bonded together
unsaturated fats make HDL/LDL go what ways?
HDL: up
LDL: down
saturated fats make HDL/LDL do what?
HDL: up
LDL: up
trans fats make HDL/LDL do what?
HDL: down
LDL: up
+ and - charges cause what to happen?
hydrogen bonds to form
proteins have ____ shapes
complex
PROTEINS CAN BE polar/nonpolar/either
either
functions of proteins?
body structure, antibodies, many hormones, enzymes, can be used for energy but not first choice
nucleic acids basic building block?
nucleotide
nucleotides are made up of what 3 things?
phosphate, sugar, and nitrogen base
function of DNA?
master code for assembling proteins and other nucleic acids. transmission of traits (heredity)
(double helix)
RNA IS NEVER….
double stranded
functions of RNA?
carries message of DNA, acts as a template for assembly of proteins
what is ATP?
body’s main energy!
why is water a polar molecule?
opposite charges
