Chapter 1- Structure & Function Flashcards
the study of internal and external structures of organisms and the relationship of its parts
anatomy
study of structures that need to be magnified
microscopic anatomy
study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye
macroscopic anatomy (gross anatomy)
study of the function of organisms and parts
physiology
structure-> function function eventually influences anatomy of organism
“form follows function”
“same standing”- relative constancy of the normal body’s internal environment
homeostasis
how is homeostasis maintained?
feedback loops
3 basic components of feedback loops and explain each one
- ) sensor: identifies element being controlled, sets change, generates signal to integrator
- ) control (integrator): sends signals to effectors
- ) effectors: responds to integrator
2 types of feedback loops?
negative & positive
negative feedback loop
opposes change to return to normal
ex: increase breathing to replace oxygen
positive feedback loop
temporarily amplifies change to return to normal
ex: labor
what type of feedback loop is the most common in the body?
negative
what is disease?
- means “not at ease”
- body does not function normally
the study of the transmission, frequency, distribution, and control of a disease
epidemiology
a disease that can be spread
communicable
a disease spread from person to person is considered…
contagious
study of disease
pathology
causes disease
pathogenic
infectious disease from medical facility
nosocomial
the prediction of the outcome of the disease
prognosis
what is the anatomical position?
standing, arms at side, palms forward
supine position
patient is on his/her back
prone position?
patient on his/her stomach
right and left sides are mirror images
bilateral symmetry
same side
ipsilateral
opposite side
contralateral
superior
towards the head
inferior
toward the feet
anterior(ventral)
toward the front
posterior(dorsal)
toward the back
medial
toward the middle
lateral
toward the side
proximal
toward the trunk
distal
away from the trunk
superficial
near surface
deep
away from surface
sagittal
gives right and left sides
midsagittal
gives equal halves
frontal (coronal)
gives front and back
transverse
gives upper (top) and lower (bottom)
appendicular region
arms and legs
axial region
head, neck, torso
what major cavities does the axial region contain?
ventral and dorsal
right and left pleural is another word for…
lungs
what is the mediastinum region?
- region between lungs
- contains the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels and heart
what cavity are the lungs in along with the mediastinum region?
thoracic cavity
what cavity is the heart in?
pericardial cavity
muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
what 2 cavities does the dorsal cavity contain?
cranial(brain), and spinal (spinal cord)
membranes that cover organs
visceral
membranes that line cavities
parietal
visceral and parietal membranes are also called…
serous membranes
term for membranes in the pleural cavity
pleural
term for membranes in the adominopelvic cavity
peritoneal
where is there potential space in the pleural cavity?
between parietal and visceral pleural membranes
where is there potential space in the peritoneal cavity?
between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum
What is located in the RUQ?
gallbladder, right kidney, part of the large intestine, liver
what is in the RLQ?
appendix, right ovary, right ureter
what is in the LUQ?
stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, part of large intestine
what is in the LLQ?
left ovary, left ureter
