Chapter 1- Structure & Function

Question 1

the study of internal and external structures of organisms and the relationship of its parts

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

study of structures that need to be magnified

Answer 2

microscopic anatomy

Question 3

study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

Answer 3

macroscopic anatomy (gross anatomy)

Question 4

study of the function of organisms and parts

Answer 4

physiology

Question 5

structure-> function 
function eventually influences anatomy of organism

Answer 5

“form follows function”

Question 6

“same standing”- relative constancy of the normal body’s internal environment

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

how is homeostasis maintained?

Answer 7

feedback loops

Question 8

3 basic components of feedback loops and explain each one

Answer 8

1. ) sensor: identifies element being controlled, sets change, generates signal to integrator
2. ) control (integrator): sends signals to effectors
3. ) effectors: responds to integrator

Question 9

2 types of feedback loops?

Answer 9

negative & positive

Question 10

negative feedback loop

Answer 10

opposes change to return to normal

ex: increase breathing to replace oxygen

Question 11

positive feedback loop

Answer 11

temporarily amplifies change to return to normal

ex: labor

Question 12

what type of feedback loop is the most common in the body?

Answer 12

negative

Question 13

what is disease?

Answer 13

• means “not at ease”

- body does not function normally

Question 14

the study of the transmission, frequency, distribution, and control of a disease

Answer 14

epidemiology

Question 15

a disease that can be spread

Answer 15

communicable

Question 16

a disease spread from person to person is considered…

Answer 16

contagious

Question 17

study of disease

Answer 17

pathology

Question 18

causes disease

Answer 18

pathogenic

Question 19

infectious disease from medical facility

Answer 19

nosocomial

Question 20

the prediction of the outcome of the disease

Answer 20

prognosis

Question 21

what is the anatomical position?

Answer 21

standing, arms at side, palms forward

Question 22

supine position

Answer 22

patient is on his/her back

Question 23

prone position?

Answer 23

patient on his/her stomach

Question 24

right and left sides are mirror images

Answer 24

bilateral symmetry

Question 25

same side

Answer 25

ipsilateral

Question 26

opposite side

Answer 26

contralateral

Question 27

superior

Answer 27

towards the head

Question 28

inferior

Answer 28

toward the feet

Question 29

anterior(ventral)

Answer 29

toward the front

Question 30

posterior(dorsal)

Answer 30

toward the back

Question 31

medial

Answer 31

toward the middle

Question 32

lateral

Answer 32

toward the side

Question 33

proximal

Answer 33

toward the trunk

Question 34

distal

Answer 34

away from the trunk

Question 35

superficial

Answer 35

near surface

Question 36

deep

Answer 36

away from surface

Question 37

sagittal

Answer 37

gives right and left sides

Question 38

midsagittal

Answer 38

gives equal halves

Question 39

frontal (coronal)

Answer 39

gives front and back

Question 40

transverse

Answer 40

gives upper (top) and lower (bottom)

Question 41

appendicular region

Answer 41

arms and legs

Question 42

axial region

Answer 42

head, neck, torso

Question 43

what major cavities does the axial region contain?

Answer 43

ventral and dorsal

Question 44

right and left pleural is another word for...

Answer 44

lungs

Question 45

what is the mediastinum region?

Answer 45

- region between lungs | - contains the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels and heart

Question 46

what cavity are the lungs in along with the mediastinum region?

Answer 46

thoracic cavity

Question 47

what cavity is the heart in?

Answer 47

pericardial cavity

Question 48

muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Answer 48

diaphragm

Question 49

what 2 cavities does the dorsal cavity contain?

Answer 49

cranial(brain), and spinal (spinal cord)

Question 50

membranes that cover organs

Answer 50

visceral

Question 51

membranes that line cavities

Answer 51

parietal

Question 52

visceral and parietal membranes are also called...

Answer 52

serous membranes

Question 53

term for membranes in the pleural cavity

Answer 53

pleural

Question 54

term for membranes in the adominopelvic cavity

Answer 54

peritoneal

Question 55

where is there potential space in the pleural cavity?

Answer 55

between parietal and visceral pleural membranes

Question 56

where is there potential space in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 56

between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum

Question 57

What is located in the RUQ?

Answer 57

gallbladder, right kidney, part of the large intestine, liver

Question 58

what is in the RLQ?

Answer 58

appendix, right ovary, right ureter

Question 59

what is in the LUQ?

Answer 59

stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, part of large intestine

Question 60

what is in the LLQ?

Answer 60

left ovary, left ureter