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H ANATOMY > Chapter 1- Structure & Function > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Structure & Function Flashcards

1
Q

the study of internal and external structures of organisms and the relationship of its parts

A

anatomy

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2
Q

study of structures that need to be magnified

A

microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

A

macroscopic anatomy (gross anatomy)

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4
Q

study of the function of organisms and parts

A

physiology

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5
Q 
structure-> function 
function eventually influences anatomy of organism
A

“form follows function”

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6
Q

“same standing”- relative constancy of the normal body’s internal environment

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

how is homeostasis maintained?

A

feedback loops

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8
Q

3 basic components of feedback loops and explain each one

A
  1. ) sensor: identifies element being controlled, sets change, generates signal to integrator
  2. ) control (integrator): sends signals to effectors
  3. ) effectors: responds to integrator
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9
Q

2 types of feedback loops?

A

negative & positive

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10
Q

negative feedback loop

A

opposes change to return to normal

ex: increase breathing to replace oxygen

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11
Q

positive feedback loop

A

temporarily amplifies change to return to normal

ex: labor

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12
Q

what type of feedback loop is the most common in the body?

A

negative

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13
Q

what is disease?

A
  • means “not at ease”

- body does not function normally

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14
Q

the study of the transmission, frequency, distribution, and control of a disease

A

epidemiology

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15
Q

a disease that can be spread

A

communicable

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16
Q

a disease spread from person to person is considered…

A

contagious

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17
Q

study of disease

A

pathology

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18
Q

causes disease

A

pathogenic

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19
Q

infectious disease from medical facility

A

nosocomial

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20
Q

the prediction of the outcome of the disease

A

prognosis

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21
Q

what is the anatomical position?

A

standing, arms at side, palms forward

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22
Q

supine position

A

patient is on his/her back

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23
Q

prone position?

A

patient on his/her stomach

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24
Q

right and left sides are mirror images

A

bilateral symmetry

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25
Q

same side

A

ipsilateral

26
Q

opposite side

A

contralateral

27
Q

superior

A

towards the head

28
Q

inferior

A

toward the feet

29
Q

anterior(ventral)

A

toward the front

30
Q

posterior(dorsal)

A

toward the back

31
Q

medial

A

toward the middle

32
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

33
Q

proximal

A

toward the trunk

34
Q

distal

A

away from the trunk

35
Q

superficial

A

near surface

36
Q

deep

A

away from surface

37
Q

sagittal

A

gives right and left sides

38
Q

midsagittal

A

gives equal halves

39
Q

frontal (coronal)

A

gives front and back

40
Q

transverse

A

gives upper (top) and lower (bottom)

41
Q

appendicular region

A

arms and legs

42
Q

axial region

A

head, neck, torso

43
Q

what major cavities does the axial region contain?

A

ventral and dorsal

44
Q

right and left pleural is another word for…

A

lungs

45
Q

what is the mediastinum region?

A
  • region between lungs

- contains the trachea, esophagus, blood vessels and heart

46
Q

what cavity are the lungs in along with the mediastinum region?

A

thoracic cavity

47
Q

what cavity is the heart in?

A

pericardial cavity

48
Q

muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

49
Q

what 2 cavities does the dorsal cavity contain?

A

cranial(brain), and spinal (spinal cord)

50
Q

membranes that cover organs

A

visceral

51
Q

membranes that line cavities

A

parietal

52
Q

visceral and parietal membranes are also called…

A

serous membranes

53
Q

term for membranes in the pleural cavity

A

pleural

54
Q

term for membranes in the adominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneal

55
Q

where is there potential space in the pleural cavity?

A

between parietal and visceral pleural membranes

56
Q

where is there potential space in the peritoneal cavity?

A

between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum

57
Q

What is located in the RUQ?

A

gallbladder, right kidney, part of the large intestine, liver

58
Q

what is in the RLQ?

A

appendix, right ovary, right ureter

59
Q

what is in the LUQ?

A

stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, part of large intestine

60
Q

what is in the LLQ?

A

left ovary, left ureter

H ANATOMY (3 decks)

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