Chapter 2: Biochemistry Flashcards
What is the importance of water?
The importance of water to body homeostasis is for metabolic processes, as a medium for metabolic reactions to transport substances, and regulate body temperature. The body of an adult female is 52% water by weight and for a male 63%. The intercellular fluid compartment includes all the water and electrolytes that cell membranes enclose. It resembles 63% by volume of the total body of water. The extra cellular fluid compartment includes all the fluid outside the cells. This constitutes about 37% by volume of the total body water. Interstitial is around the cells. Plasma is the liquid of your blood. Lymph nodes drain body fluid from tissue. Transcellular fluid is found in around the brain, eyes, and between joints of the body.
Describe a carbohydrate.
Monomer-sugar, glucose, glycogen that stores energy in the liver.
Polymer-starch that provides energy for digestion. And cellulose, fiber that digests.
Describe a lipid.
Monomer- fatty acid, glycerol.
Polymer-triglyceride, phospholipid, cholesterol
Function-stores energy, cell membrane, some hormones.
Describe a protein.
Monomer- amino acids
Polymer- structural protein, enzymes
Function- builds all parts of the body, starts chemical reactions
Describe nucleic acid
Monomer- nucleotide
Polymer- DNA, RNA
Function- DNA holds genetic code, RNA makes protein
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are globular proteins that promote specific chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy acting only on a particular molecule.
What is enzyme action?
Enzyme action is when regions of the enzyme molecule called active sites only temporarily combine pieces of the substrate, which creates an enzyme-substrate complex.
What is regulation?
End product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the rate-limiting regulatory enzyme.
What is a cofactor or coenzyme?
An enzyme that is inactive until it combines with a non protein could help the active site keep the right shape.
What are altering enzymes?
Enzymes bind to the reacting molecules in proper position for chemical interaction. When the substrates are connected to the enzymes active site. Structural changes create a new product.
Why is ATP important?
ATP is very important because it provides a form of chemical energy all body cells could use. ATP is a nucleotide that has an adenine base, ribose sugar and 3 phosphate groups. ATP is important for chemical reactions, muscle contraction, nerve impulses.
