Chapter 1 orientation to the human body

Question 1

Define anatomy.

Answer 1

Anatomy is the structure of the human body or any other living organism.

Question 2

Define physiology.

Answer 2

Physiology is the functioning of the human body.

Question 3

What is an atom?

Answer 3

The smallest part of all of life.

Question 4

What is a cell?

Answer 4

Elements essential part of all living organisms.

Question 5

What is a tissue?

Answer 5

Group of similar cells that are used to perform a certain function.

Question 6

What is an organ?

Answer 6

Certain parts of the body formed by 2 or more tissues that performs a more specialized function.

Question 7

What is an organ system?

Answer 7

A group of organs that work together to perform a very important body function.

Question 8

What is an organism?

Answer 8

All living creation.

Question 9

What does the integumentary system do?

Answer 9

The organs of the integumentary system are skin, hair, and nails. They regulate temperature, and protect yourself.

Question 10

What does the skeletal system do?

Answer 10

The skeletal system is made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilage. They protect soft tissue, bind bones together.

Question 11

What does the muscular system do?

Answer 11

This contains muscles. They provide force to move areas of the body, maintain posture, and is used as a source of heat.

Question 12

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 12

This is the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs. It functions nerve impulses, action potential. Ex: feel of surrounding

Question 13

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 13

This consists of the pituitary glands, thyroid glands, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, thymus. They secrete hormones that affect target cells, takes longer than nerve impulses.

Question 14

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 14

This consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, blood. They pump blood throughout the body, transport gases, nutrients, hormones, wastes. Carries oxygen from lungs and nutrients from digestive organs transports hormones and carries wastes.

Question 15

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 15

This consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, and nodes, thymus, and spleen. They defend the body against infections.

Question 16

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 16

The digestive system consists of the mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small and large intestine, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethral intestines

Question 17

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 17

The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Kidneys remove wastes for electrolyte balance.

Question 18

What does excretion consist of?

Answer 18

The intestines excrete wastes.

Question 19

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 19

The respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, phalanx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Question 20

What does the reproductive system do?

Answer 20

For males, the reproductive system consists of the scrotum, testes, epididymis, ductus, senile vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral, urethra, penis. For females, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, vulva. Males produce sperm. Females produce eggs and make embryos.

Question 21

Why is digesting food a function for life?

Answer 21

For energy and nutrients.

Question 22

Why is cellular respiration a function for life?

Answer 22

To release carbon dioxide.

Question 23

Why is maintaining boundaries a function for life?

Answer 23

So what’s outside protects the inside.

Question 24

Why is movement a function for life?

Answer 24

To find and eat food, and burn energy.

Question 25

Why is responsiveness a function for life?

Answer 25

To sense the environment.

Question 26

Why is metabolism a function for life?

Answer 26

To break down substances, uses ATP to get energy, to take out unnecessary wastes, this is for all chemical reactions.

Question 27

Why must excretion be a function for life?

Answer 27

To poop waste!

Question 28

Why is growth a function for life?

Answer 28

For cells to be able to constantly reproduce.

Question 29

Why is oxygen a survival need?

Answer 29

So we can breathe and get energy from our food.

Question 30

Why are nutrients a survival need?

Answer 30

To eat and contain chemicals for energy and cell building.

Question 31

Why is water a survival need?

Answer 31

Because water is 60%-80% of our body weight and is necessary for every living thing!

Question 32

Why is body temperature a survival need?

Answer 32

To maintain the right temperature (98f) and stay around there to not die.

Question 33

Why is atmospheric pressure a survival need?

Answer 33

So the air is thick enough to breathe.

Question 34

What is homeostasis?

Answer 34

The body’s maintenance of a stable environment.

Question 35

What does negative feedback help with?

Answer 35

Negative feedback helps the body maintain homeostasis by increasing oxygen if you’re exercising, or anything.

Question 36

Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes.

Answer 36

Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, lateral(toward the side from midline), ipsilateral(same side), contralateral(opposite side), proximal(closer to trunk),distal(opposite proximal point)
Right upper quadrant, left upper quandrant, right lower, left lower
Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac.