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Bio 19 > Chapter 2 Biochemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Biochemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Polymer

A

macromolecules composed of many units bonded together called monomers

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2
Q

monomer

A

units that bond together to form polymers

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3
Q

macromolecule

A 
large biomolecules that include:
Carbohydrates
Proteins 
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
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4
Q

protien

A

Macromolecule and polymer with amino acid monomers.

Consists of an R group, an Amino group, and a Carboxylic Acid group

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5
Q

amino acid

A

the monomers that make up the polymer protein
About 20 different kinds
Essential - Must be obtained through nutrition
Non Essential - Made in body

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6
Q

polypeptide

A

polymer made up of amino acid monomers. (protein)

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7
Q

Denaturing of a protein

A

an external stress that causes the protein to lose its secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structures, and become the primary structure. This causes the protein to lose its function.

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8
Q

Primary structure of a protein

A

sequence of a chain of amino acids

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9
Q

Secondary structure of a protein

A

Can form a Helix or Pleated sheet
occurs when the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds

Looks like a zig zag

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10
Q

Tertiary structure of a protein

A

occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helixes and pleated sheets

Looks like a crumpled up chain

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11
Q

Quaternary structure of a protein

A

A protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

looks like many chains crumpled up together

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12
Q

Sources of protein

A

Animal sources
Meats

plant sources
Soy
Vegetables
Nuts

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13
Q

WHAT DEFINES THE FUNCTION OF A BIOMOLECULE

A

STRUCTURE

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14
Q

Functions of protien

A 
Structural support to cells
transporters 
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies for immune system
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15
Q

peptide bond

A

the bond between the amino acids of a polypeptide

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16
Q

R group

A

The group of an amino acid that is different in different types of amino acids the type of amino avid is defined by its R group

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17
Q

Carbohydrate

A

a macromolecule made of monosaccharide monomers

has 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen

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18
Q

monosaccharides

types?

A

The monomer of a polysaccharide / Carbohydrate
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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19
Q

disaccharides

types?

A

two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond
lactose (milk sugar)
sucrose (table sugar)

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20
Q

polysaccharide

A 
chain of monosaccharides
Carbohydrate
ex
Starch 
Fiber
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21
Q

starch

A

polysaccharide that can be digested by humans

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22
Q

Fiber

A

polysaccharide that can not be digested by humans

cellulose is fiber

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23
Q

Sources of Carbs

A

grains- Pasta and starches
fruit/vegetables
sugar candy

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24
Q

Function of carbs

A

provides quick energy
for plants storage and structure
main source of energy

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25
Q

glycosidic linkages

A

the bonds between monosaccharides

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26
Q

Lipids

A

macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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27
Q

saturated fat

A

triglyceride
solid at room temperature
all single bonds in fatty acids (no kinks in chain)
animal sources

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28
Q

unsaturated fat

A

liquid at room temperature
double bonds in the fatty acids ( kink in chain makes it liquid)
plant sources

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29
Q

Function of lipids

A

long term energy sources
insulation
waterproofing

Hydrophobic

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30
Q

triglyceride

A

type of lipid

glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids

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31
Q

types of lipids

A 
cholesterol 
Steroid
waxes  
phospholipids
triglycerides
32
Q

nucleic acids

A

macromolecule that is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers

33
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids

A

Store hereditary genetic info

directions to make proteins

34
Q

Sources of nucleic acids

A

Dna

Rna

35
Q

Functions of protien

A 
Structural support to cells
transporters 
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies for immune system
36
Q

peptide bond

A

the bond between the amino acids of a polypeptide

37
Q

R group

A

The group of an amino acid that is different in different types of amino acids the type of amino avid is defined by its R group

38
Q

Carbohydrate

A

a macromolecule made of monosaccharide monomers

has 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen

39
Q

monosaccharides

types?

A

The monomer of a polysaccharide / Carbohydrate
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

40
Q

disaccharides

types?

A

two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond
lactose (milk sugar)
sucrose (table sugar)

41
Q

polysaccharide

A 
chain of monosaccharides
Carbohydrate
ex
Starch 
Fiber
42
Q

starch

A

polysaccharide that can be digested by humans

43
Q

Fiber

A

polysaccharide that can not be digested by humans

cellulose is fiber

44
Q

Sources of Carbs

A

grains- Pasta and starches
fruit/vegetables
sugar candy

45
Q

Function of carbs

A

provides quick energy
for plants storage and structure
main source of energy

46
Q

glycosidic linkages

A

the bonds between monosaccharides

47
Q

Lipids

A

macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

48
Q

saturated fat

A

triglyceride
solid at room temperature
all single bonds in fatty acids (no kinks in chain)
animal sources

49
Q

unsaturated fat

A

liquid at room temperature
double bonds in the fatty acids ( kink in chain makes it liquid)
plant sources

50
Q

Function of lipids

A

long term energy sources
insulation
waterproofing

Hydrophobic

51
Q

triglyceride

A

type of lipid

glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids

52
Q

types of lipids

A 
cholesterol 
Steroid
waxes  
phospholipids
triglycerides
53
Q

nucleic acids

A

macromolecule that is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers

54
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids

A

Store hereditary genetic info

directions to make proteins

55
Q

Sources of nucleic acids

A

Dna

Rna

56
Q

Functions of protien

A 
Structural support to cells
transporters 
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibodies for immune system
57
Q

peptide bond

A

the bond between the amino acids of a polypeptide

58
Q

R group

A

The group of an amino acid that is different in different types of amino acids the type of amino avid is defined by its R group

59
Q

Carbohydrate

A

a macromolecule made of monosaccharide monomers

has 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen

60
Q

monosaccharides

types?

A

The monomer of a polysaccharide / Carbohydrate
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

61
Q

disaccharides

types?

A

two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond
lactose (milk sugar)
sucrose (table sugar)

62
Q

polysaccharide

A 
chain of monosaccharides
Carbohydrate
ex
Starch 
Fiber
63
Q

starch

A

polysaccharide that can be digested by humans

64
Q

Fiber

A

polysaccharide that can not be digested by humans

cellulose is fiber

65
Q

Sources of Carbs

A

grains- Pasta and starches
fruit/vegetables
sugar candy

66
Q

Function of carbs

A

provides quick energy
for plants storage and structure
main source of energy

67
Q

glycosidic linkages

A

the bonds between monosaccharides

68
Q

Lipids

A

macromolecule that consists of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids

69
Q

saturated fat

A

triglyceride
solid at room temperature
all single bonds in fatty acids (no kinks in chain)
animal sources

70
Q

unsaturated fat

A

liquid at room temperature
double bonds in the fatty acids ( kink in chain makes it liquid)
plant sources

71
Q

Function of lipids

A

long term energy sources
insulation
waterproofing

Hydrophobic

72
Q

triglyceride

A

type of lipid

glycerol bonded to 3 fatty acids

73
Q

types of lipids

A 
cholesterol 
Steroid
waxes  
phospholipids
triglycerides
74
Q

nucleic acids

A

macromolecule that is a polymer made up of nucleotide monomers

75
Q

Function of Nucleic Acids

A

Store hereditary genetic info

directions to make proteins

76
Q

Sources of nucleic acids

A

Dna

Rna

Bio 19 (5 decks)

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