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💚OCR BIOLOGY A LEVEL > Chapter 2// Basic components of living systems > Flashcards

Chapter 2// Basic components of living systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Composed of different types

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2
Q

Inorganic

A

Compounds which do not contain carbon or if they do, they do not also contain hydrogen

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3
Q

Macromolecules

A

Molecules consisting of large numbers of atoms

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions which occur in cells

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5
Q

Monosaccharide

A

A sweet tasting molecule consisting of a single unit

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6
Q

Nucleic acid

A

A kind of acid abundant in the nuclei of cells; include DNA + RNA 🧬

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7
Q

How many micrometers are there in a millimetre

A

1mm= 1000 micrometers

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8
Q

How many nanometers (nm) are there in a micrometer

A

1 micrometer= 1000 nanometre (nm)

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9
Q

Organelle

A

A specialised part of a cell that performs a particular function

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10
Q

What do bacterial cells lack

A

Bacterial cells lack a nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts

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11
Q

What microscope produces an image which eliminates blur?

A

A laser scanning confocal microscope

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12
Q

What does a laser scanning confocal microscope do? What’s its max magnification

A

A laser scanning confocal microscope has a max magnification of 2,000x

The specimen is dyed + a thick section of tissue is scanned across different depths

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13
Q

Give 3 advantages of a laser scanning confocal microscope

A
  • eliminates blur creating clear image
  • can use thick sections of tissue
  • images can be fed into computer + create a 3D image
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14
Q

What is magnification?

A

Magnification is a measure of the ability of a lens to magnify (enlarge) the size of something in an optical image

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15
Q

What is resolution?

A

Resolution refers to the ability of a microscope to distinguish between two adjacent points, the better the resolution the clearer the image as it means we can distinguish two points as separate even when they’re v close

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16
Q

If we decrease the wavelength of light shined on a specimen, what happens to the magnification and resolution

A

When we decrease wavelength of light

Magnification stays the same

Resolution is increased (clearer image)

17
Q

What does a scientist need to do to the wavelength of light for better resolution?

A

Lower wavelength needed for better resolution

18
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus

A

The synthesis of rRNA

19
Q

What does smooth ER do

A

Builds + stores lipids and carbohydrates

20
Q

What does rough ER do

A

Builds + stores proteins

Has ribosomes attached

21
Q

Give 3 differences between a eukaryotic cell vs a prokaryotic cell

A

A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus whereas a prokaryotic cell doesn’t

Eukaryotes has membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotes don’t

Eukaryotes have large 80S ribosomes whereas prokaryotes have small 70S ribosomes

Prokaryotes have capsules whereas eukaryotes do not

22
Q

What is the different about the DNA found in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA found in the nucleus

Whereas

Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA found free in the cytoplasm

23
Q

Intracellular

A

Within a cell

24
Q

What is the nucleolus made of + what its function

A

Nuceolus is made of proteins + RNA

It’s responsible for producing RIBOSOMES

it does this as the RNA is used to produce rRNA (ribosomal RNA) which is then combined w proteins to form ribosomes

25
Q

How do ribosomes leave the nucleus

A

They r small enough to get thru the nuclear pores

26
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

They are the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

27
Q

Where r ribosomes found

A

Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to SER to form RER

28
Q

Where are lysosomes made

A

Lysosomes r made in the Golgi body/apparatus

29
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus and what is it’s function?

A

The Golgi apparatus r flattened membranous sacs formed of cisternae which do NOT contain ribosomes

Their role is to modify + package proteins/lipids from the RER into vesicles to prepare them for secretion

30
Q

Where r ribosomes made?

A

Ribosomes r made in the NUCLEOLUS

💚OCR BIOLOGY A LEVEL (11 decks)

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