Chapter 2// Basic components of living systems Flashcards
Heterogeneous
Composed of different types
Inorganic
Compounds which do not contain carbon or if they do, they do not also contain hydrogen
Macromolecules
Molecules consisting of large numbers of atoms
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions which occur in cells
Monosaccharide
A sweet tasting molecule consisting of a single unit
Nucleic acid
A kind of acid abundant in the nuclei of cells; include DNA + RNA 🧬
How many micrometers are there in a millimetre
1mm= 1000 micrometers
How many nanometers (nm) are there in a micrometer
1 micrometer= 1000 nanometre (nm)
Organelle
A specialised part of a cell that performs a particular function
What do bacterial cells lack
Bacterial cells lack a nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts
What microscope produces an image which eliminates blur?
A laser scanning confocal microscope
What does a laser scanning confocal microscope do? What’s its max magnification
A laser scanning confocal microscope has a max magnification of 2,000x
The specimen is dyed + a thick section of tissue is scanned across different depths
Give 3 advantages of a laser scanning confocal microscope
- eliminates blur creating clear image
- can use thick sections of tissue
- images can be fed into computer + create a 3D image
What is magnification?
Magnification is a measure of the ability of a lens to magnify (enlarge) the size of something in an optical image
What is resolution?
Resolution refers to the ability of a microscope to distinguish between two adjacent points, the better the resolution the clearer the image as it means we can distinguish two points as separate even when they’re v close
If we decrease the wavelength of light shined on a specimen, what happens to the magnification and resolution
When we decrease wavelength of light
Magnification stays the same
Resolution is increased (clearer image)
What does a scientist need to do to the wavelength of light for better resolution?
Lower wavelength needed for better resolution
What is the function of the nucleolus
The synthesis of rRNA
What does smooth ER do
Builds + stores lipids and carbohydrates
What does rough ER do
Builds + stores proteins
Has ribosomes attached
Give 3 differences between a eukaryotic cell vs a prokaryotic cell
A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus whereas a prokaryotic cell doesn’t
Eukaryotes has membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotes don’t
Eukaryotes have large 80S ribosomes whereas prokaryotes have small 70S ribosomes
Prokaryotes have capsules whereas eukaryotes do not
What is the different about the DNA found in eukaryotes vs prokaryotes
Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA found in the nucleus
Whereas
Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA found free in the cytoplasm
Intracellular
Within a cell
What is the nucleolus made of + what its function
Nuceolus is made of proteins + RNA
It’s responsible for producing RIBOSOMES
it does this as the RNA is used to produce rRNA (ribosomal RNA) which is then combined w proteins to form ribosomes
How do ribosomes leave the nucleus
They r small enough to get thru the nuclear pores
What is the function of ribosomes
They are the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Where r ribosomes found
Free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to SER to form RER
Where are lysosomes made
Lysosomes r made in the Golgi body/apparatus
What is the Golgi apparatus and what is it’s function?
The Golgi apparatus r flattened membranous sacs formed of cisternae which do NOT contain ribosomes
Their role is to modify + package proteins/lipids from the RER into vesicles to prepare them for secretion
Where r ribosomes made?
Ribosomes r made in the NUCLEOLUS
