Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions And Compounds Flashcards
What is contained in an atom?
- electrons
- protons
- neutrons
What is a mass number (known as nucleon number) ?
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What does a nucleus of an atom contain?
- protons
* neutrons
What are the charges and masses of the subatomic partials in an atom?
- Proton charge: 1+ mass: 1
- neutron charge: 0 mass: 1
- electron charge: 1- mass: 1/1836
What’s an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses.
What is an ion?
Charges atom. The number of electrons is different from the number of protons
What type of ions can you have?
- positive ions - cations - with fewer electrons than protons - overall positive charge
- negative ions - anions - with more electrons than protons - overall negative charge
What’s the relative scale?
Carbon-12
Define the relative isotopic mass
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12
Define the relative atomic mass (Ar)
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12 of the mass of carbon-12
How do you find the percentage abundances of the isotopes?
Using a mass spectrometer
How to calculate the relative atomic mass of the element x?
You times the fraction/percentage of the isotope then times it by the isotope number then add to another fraction/percentage of the isotope then times it by the isotope number. This will find the relative atomic mass.
IMPORTANT - if a percentage you must times by 100. If a fraction you do not have to
What types of atoms lose and what types of atoms gain electrons forming ions?
- Atoms of metals lose electrons forming cations
* Atoms of non-metals gain electrons forming anions
What’s a binary compound?
Contains two elements only. You keep the first element the same and change the ending of the second to -ide
Ionic compounds, the metal ion goes first
What’s a polyatomic ion?
Ion containing atoms of more than one element bonded together
