Chapter 2 - Atoms, Ions and Compounds Flashcards
Atomic structure and isotopes, Relative mass and Formulae and equations
What makes up the nucleus?
Protons and neutrons
What occupies the region around the nucleus?
Electrons
How are electrons arranged?
In shells around the nucleus
What is the charge of a proton?
+1
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What charge does a neutron have?
0
It is neutral
Why do atoms have no overall charge?
The same number of electrons and protons so the charges cancel out.
What does atomic number represent?
The number of protons.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but with different numbers of neutrons.
What does mass number represent?
The number of protons and neutrons.
Do isotopes react differently?
No, because chemical reactions involve electrons, not neutrons.
What is an ion?
A charged atom. Where the number of electrons and the number of protons differ.
What are cations?
Positive ions, atoms with fewer electrons than protons.
What are anions?
Negative ions, atoms with more electrons than protons.
What is relative isotopic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
How are percentage abundances of the isotopes in a sample of an element found?
Experimentally using a mass spectrometer.
What do atoms of metals on the left of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?
Lose them to form cations.
What do atoms of non-metals on the right of the periodic table tend to do with electrons?
Gain them to form anions.
What is a binary compound?
A compound containing only two elements. ends in an ‘ide’ eg hydroxide- oxygen and hydrogen
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions contain atoms of more than one element bonded together
What is the structure and charge of an ammonium ion?
NH(4)
1+
What is the structure and charge of a hydroxide ion?
OH
1-
What is the structure and charge of a nitrate ion?
NO(3)-
What is the structure and charge of a nitrite ion?
NO(2)-
What is the structure and charge of a hydrogencarbonate ion?
HCO(3)-
What is the structure and charge of a manganate(VII) ion?
MnO(4)-
What is the structure and charge of a carbonate ion?
CO(3) 2-
What is the structure and charge of a sulfate ion?
SO(4) 2-
ate = means the ion with the most oxygens
What is the structure and charge of a sulfite ion?
A sulphite ion is SO(3) 2-
What is the structure and charge of a dichromate(VI) ion?
Cr(2)O(7) 2-
What is the structure and charge of a phosphate ion?
PO(4) 3-
What is the structure and charge of a zinc ion?
Zn 2+
What is the structure and charge of a sodium ion?
Na 1+
What is the structure and charge of a halide ion?
F/Cl/Br/I/At 1-
What is the structure and charge of an aluminium ion?
Al
3+
What must an ionic compound have?
An overall charge of zero.
What is a diatomic molecule?
Two atoms of the same element bonded together.
Do covalent compounds contain ions?
No, they do not.
Where are state symbols shown in chemical equations?
In subscript in brackets after a formula.
what charge do aluminium ions form?
aluminium forms 3+ ions
what charge ions does silver form?
silver(Ag) forms a 1+ ion
what charge ions does zinc form?
zinc forms a 2+ ions
what ions do iron form?
iron forms a 2+/3+ ions
what charge ions does copper form?
copper forms a 1+/2+ ions
what charge ions does lead form?
lead forms 2+/4+ ions
