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CHEM 6A > Chapter 2 - Atoms and Molecules > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Atoms and Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Element

A

Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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2
Q

Compound

A

A substance that can be broken down into two or more elements

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3
Q

Malleable

A

Can be rolled or hammered into sheets

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4
Q

Ductile

A

Can be drawn into wires

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5
Q

Chemical Symbols

A

Abbreviation used to designate the elements

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6
Q

Molecule

A

A unit consisting of two or more atoms that are joined together

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7
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

A molecule consisting of just two atoms 7 Diatomic Molecules: H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

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8
Q

Solid

A

Having fixed volume and fixed shape

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9
Q

Liquid

A

Definite volume, but not a specific shape

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10
Q

Gas

A

Substance that fills the entire volume of its container and thus has no definite shape

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11
Q

Heterogeneous

A

A mixture that has visible different composition

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12
Q

Homogeneous

A

A composition that is uniform from point to point

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13
Q

Dissolution

A

The process by which a solute forms a solution in a solvent

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14
Q

Solute

A

Something that is being dissolved in a solution

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15
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid in which the solute dissolves in

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16
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

Name of a substance when it dissolves in water

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17
Q

Filtration

A

Separating solid from liquid through a filtration such as filter paper

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18
Q

Distillation

A

The process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective vaporization and condensation

19
Q

Condensation

A

Changing from gas to liquid

20
Q

Volatility

A

The tendency of a substance to vaporize

21
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

The relative amount of each element in a particular compound is always the same, regardless of the source of the compound or how the compound was prepared

22
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

When a given element combines with another element to form two different compounds, the ratio of their masses consists of small whole number

23
Q

Dalton’s Atomic (5) Theory

A

1) Matter is composed of small indivisible particles called atoms
2) The atoms of a given element all have the same mass and are identical in all respects, including chemical behavior
3) The atoms of different elements differ in mass and in chemical behavior
4) Chemical compounds are composed of two or more atoms of different elements joined together. The particle that results when two or more atoms join together is called a molecule
5) In a chemical reaction, the atoms involved are rearranged, separated, or recombined to form new substances. No atoms are created or destroyed, and the atoms themselves are not changed

24
Q

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A

A unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights Equaled to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12. 1.66 x 10-27 kg

25
Q

Chemical Nomenclature

A

The system for the assignment of names to compound

26
Q

Binary Compounds

A

A chemical compound that contains exactly two different element.

27
Q

Molecular Mass

A

The sum of the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule

28
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

Particles much smaller than atoms. Protons, neutrons, electrons

29
Q

Coulomb

A

The SI unit of an electrical charge (C) It is equal to the charge of approximately 6.241×1018 electrons.

30
Q

Cathode Ray Tube

A

A vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, and a fluorescent screen used to view images

31
Q

Radioactivity

A

The process by which certain atoms spontaneously break apart

32
Q

Mass and charge of alpha-particle

A

4.00 amu

+2

33
Q

Mass and charge of beta-particle

A
  1. 49x10-4 amu
    - 1
34
Q

Mass and charge of gamma ray

A

0 amu

0

35
Q

Isotopes

A

Same number of protons but different number of nuetrons

36
Q

Deuterium

A

The heavier hydrogen isotope, also called heavy hydrogen

37
Q

Heavy Water

A

Water that is made from deuterium

38
Q

Natural Abundances

A

The naturally occurring percentages of the isotopes of a particular element

39
Q

Mass Spectrometer

A

An instrument used to determine the mass and percentage of each isotope

40
Q

Weighted Average

A

The sum of the masses of each isotope, each multiplied by its natural abundance percentage

41
Q

Cations

A

Positively charged ions

42
Q

Anions

A

Negatively charged ions

43
Q

Isoelectronic

A

Species that contain the same number of electrons

CHEM 6A (6 decks)

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