Chapter 1 - Chemistry and Scientific Method

Question 1

Scientific Method

Answer 1

The use of carefully experiments to answer scientific question.

Question 2

Qualitative Data

Answer 2

Consisting of descriptive observations

Question 3

Quantitative Data

Answer 3

Consisting of numbers obtained by measurements

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

A proposition put forth as the possible explanation for, or prediction of an observation or phenomenon.

Question 5

Scientific Law

Answer 5

A law summarizes the relationship but does not explain it.

Question 6

Theory

Answer 6

A unifying principle, that explains the law based on the experimental observations.

Question 7

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 7

The total mass of the reacting substances is equal to the total mass of the products formed.

Question 8

Density

Answer 8

Mass/Volume

Question 9

Chemistry is the study of ________.

Answer 9

Matter and its changes

Question 10

Chemistry is known as ______.

Answer 10

central science

Question 11

Another name for exact numbers

Answer 11

Cardinal (counted) numbers

Question 12

Significant figures are limited by ________ during addition/subtraction.

Answer 12

Lowest decimal place

Question 13

Significant figures are limited by _______ when multiplying/dividing.

Answer 13

Lowest significant figure

Question 14

Does conversion ratio limit significant figures?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Accuracy

Answer 15

How close the measurement is to the “real” value.

Question 16

Precision

Answer 16

How close a group of measurements are to each other

Question 17

Equation for percent error

Answer 17

(avg value - true value) / (true value)

Question 18

Temperature

Answer 18

A property that constitutes a quantitative measure of the relative tendency of heat to escape from an object

Question 19

Temperature Scale

Answer 19

Established by assigning temperatures to two reference system.

Question 20

Thermometer

Answer 20

A device used to measure temperature

Question 21

Intensive Properties

Answer 21

properties whose values are independent of the amount of a substance.

Ex. density doesn’t change if you add more substanes

Question 22

Extensive properties

Answer 22

properties whose values are dependent of the amount of a substance.

Ex. Mass changes with more substances

Question 23

Potential Energy

Answer 23

The energy of an object due to its location relative to a specific reference point

Question 24

Kinetic Energy

Answer 24

The energy associated with a moving object

Question 25

Equation for Kinetic Energy

Answer 25

E = (1/2)mv^2

Question 26

attojoule (aJ)

Answer 26

The typical energy of an atom or molecules

about 10^-18 joules

Question 27

Gravitational Acceleration Constant value

Answer 27

9.81 m/(s^2)

Question 28

Equation for Potential Energy

Answer 28

E = mgh

Question 29

Law of Conservation of Energy

Answer 29

Energy is neither created nor destroy

Question 30

Percentage Error

Answer 30

(Avg Value - True Value) / (True Value) x 100

Question 31

Equation for the relation of degree Celsius and Fahrenheit

Answer 31

C = (5/9)*(F - 32.0)

Question 32

Equation for the relationship of Kelvin and Celsius

Answer 32

K = C + 273.15