Chapter 2: As A Science

Question 1

Inductive vs deductive reasoning

Answer 1

Inductive: specific -> general

Deductive: general -> specific

Question 2

Empirical

Answer 2

Based on research

Question 3

Operationalizing?

Answer 3

To make something measurable

Question 4

Descriptive vs experimental research?

Answer 4

Identify relationship vs exact cause and effect

Question 5

Hawthorne effect?

Answer 5

People act differently when being watched

Question 6

Ecological validity?

Answer 6

How well things apply outside the lab

Question 7

Double blind procedure?

Answer 7

Researchers nor participants know who is in what group

Question 8

Correlation coefficient? Do (-/+) matter?

Answer 8

-1 to +1, closer to 1, more correlation. (-/+ DOES NOT MATTER)

Question 9

Define positive/negative/perfect correlation

Answer 9

Both variables increase, 1 increases 1 decreases, changing 1 always makes same amount of change in other.

Question 10

Define standard deviation, p-value and effect size

Answer 10

How much scores vary, probability of results by chance (think percents!), chance of getting same results through replication.

Question 11

What are REBs? What are the ethical guidelines for humans?

Answer 11

Research ethics boards,

Informed consent, no harm or discomfort, confidentiality, voluntary, debrief and reveal all info after.

Question 12

Ethical guidelines for animals?

Answer 12

Promises significant benefits, no other alternative, humane, smallest # possible, no pain or distress