Chapter 2 Animal Cell

Question 1

Structure of a mitochondria and its functioon

Answer 1

Rod-shaped/Spherical
Consists of 2 layers a folded inner layer and a smooth outer layer
Contains enzymes needed for cellular respiration
A site that generates energy though carbon oxidation process
Releases energy in the form of ATP molecules ( adenosine triphosphate) to be used by the cells

Question 2

Structure of a centriole and its function

Answer 2

Small cylindrical components that exist in pairs in ANIMAL cells
Made up of a complex arrangement of micro tubules
Forms spindle fibre during the process of cell division

Question 3

Structure of a golgi apparatus and its function

Answer 3

Consist of a stack of parallel flattened sacks that are coated by a single cell membrane
New membrane is added at 1 end of the golgi apparatus and vesicles bud off from the other end
Processes, modifies, packs and transport chemicals such as protein, carbohydrates and glycoprotein

Question 4

Structure of a cell membrane and its function

Answer 4

Outer membrane that surrounds the entire content of the cell
Partially permeable
Made up of proteins and phospholipids
Separates the entire content of the cell from its surroudings
Allows for the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and waste materials between the cell and their surroundings

Question 5

Structure of a lysosome and its function

Answer 5

Contains hydrolytic enzymes
Small spherical sac enclosed in a single cell membrane
Hydrolyses complex organic molecules such as protein, nucleic acid and lipid
Breaks down bacteria and components of damaged cells

Question 6

Structure of a ribosome and its function

Answer 6

Small, compact and spherical granules
Consists of protein and ribonucleic acid
Present on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Site for protein synthesis

Question 7

Structure of a nucleus and its function

Answer 7

Largest component of the cell
Contains chromosomes, nucleolus and nucleoplasm
Controls all cell activities
Chromosomes contain Deuxyribonucleic acid which determines cell characteristics and metabolic function

Question 8

Structure of the endoplasmic reticulum and its function

Answer 8

A system of interconnected folded flattened sacs
2 types
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum that does not contain ribosome
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum which has ribosome attached to the surface
Transport system within the cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulu transports proteins synthesised by ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesises and transports glycerol and lipids and carries out detoxification of drugs and metabolic by-products