Chapter 2 and 3 SAC 1 PT 2 Flashcards
Define Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Referred to as social class
Key elements:
- Income
- Education levels
- Employment status
- Occupational type determine a person’s socioeconomic status
Define Burden of Disease
Measure the impact of disease and injuries.
- It specifically measures the gap between current health and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability.
Define Disability-adjusted life year (DALYs)
It is the measurement of burden of disease where one DALY equals to one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury
DALY measures through use of two indicators: YLL (Years of life lost) and YLD (Years lost due to disability)
YLL + YLD = DALY
Define Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
A measure of burden of disease based on the life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health.
- It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill-health and mortality.
Define dairy foods
Are products made from milk. It commonly comes from animals such as cows and goats. Dairy products are including in food products such as yoghurt, cheese, milk and butter.
Biological factors
Are factors relating to the body that impact on health and wellbeing and overall levels of health status
Name and explain 2 biological factors
- Genetics
- Plays a role in determining lifespan health and wellbeing and the likelihood of developing specific diseases.
- Influence an individual’s risk of getting disease such as breast cancert, heart disease or diabetes (predisposition to disease) - Body weight
- Health status is the incidence of overweight and obesity
- An individual who is obese can be at risks with conditions such as cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes.
Sociocultural factors
Are aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health and wellbeing and overall levels of health status
Name and explain 2 sociocultural factors
- Social networks - family
- Factors such as income, education and community resources can affect health at every stage of life, but the effects on young children are more dramatic.
- Not all parents have the same resources to assist their child’s healthy development - Social networks - peers and the community
- They create emotional, physical and information comfort
- Increase overall health outcomes and wellbeing, resulting in higher levels of self-esteem and improved mental health and wellbeing.
Environmental factors
Are the surrounding in which we live, work and play; the environment includes water and air, workplaces, roads, nature, schools, recreation settings and exposure to hazards.
Name and explain 2 environmental factors
- Workplace
- Physically demanding tasks and uncomfortable working positions can lead to physical strain and injury for manual labourers, resulting in long-term absence from work and stress for both employees and employers.
- Repetitive movements in jobs like** lifting heavy loads** put individuals at risk of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders
- While sedentary jobs can increase the risk of obesity and chronic diseases. Inadequate workplace conditions can aggravate allergies, asthma, and respiratory conditions. - Air, water and sanitation quality
- Poor air quality can lead to higher levels of respiratory diseases. Especially individuals who smoke is a major environmental hazard, particularly in homes
- Water quality is extremely high in Australia compared to other countries. It is an overall positive influence on health status,. but some population groups (Indigenous Australians) who do not experience the same quality of water supply.
Discuss the difference in health between low and high socioeconomic groups
- People with high SES are more likely to report their health is excellent, whereas people with low SES have a greater risk of poor health such as a high exposure to diseases, disabilities and deaths.
- People with high SES have more access to income, education, if they are a parent, their child will get high nutritional food, access to medical care and environmental safety. Whereas people with low SES may have trouble with their financial matters, shelting they are getting, food that isn’t high with nutritions and their overall quality and health.
Explain the concept of Body Mass Index (BMI) and how it contributes to health status
The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m², resulting from mass in kilograms and height in metres.
The higher your BMI, the higher your risk for certain diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, breathing problems, and certain cancers.
Discuss how alcohol and BMI contirbute to burden of disease
The immediate physical and emotional effects of alcohol-related road trauma can lead to permanent injuries, disabilities or even death depending on the negative impact the individual has suffered.
BMI contributes to the burden of disease by serving as a measure for assessing the risk of various health conditions associated with obesity, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and certain cancers.
Why is dairy important?
Dairy is important as it provides essential nutrients such as calcium, protein, and vitamin D, contributing to bone health, muscle function and overall nutritional balance.
