Chapter 2 and 3: Mendel Principle Of Heredity with extensions to Mendel's laws

Question 1

What is Mendel’s law of segregation?

Answer 1

Allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization

Question 2

What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment?

Answer 2

Alleles pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes.

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

It is a region of DNA that encodes a protein or RNA

Question 4

What is heredity?

Answer 4

It is the way that genes transmit traits from parents to offspring

Question 5

What are examples of genes?

Answer 5

Cleft chin, hair loss, eye color.

Question 6

What are the four general themes of Mendel’s work?

Answer 6

Variation is widespread in nature and provides for continuously evolving diversity.

Observable variation is essential for following genes from one generation to another.

Variation is inherited by genetic laws, which can explain why like begets like and unlike.

Mendel’s laws apply to all sexually reproducing organisms

Question 7

What is artificial selection?

Answer 7

Purposeful control over mating by choice of parents

Question 8

Mendel laws are based on what hypothesis?

Answer 8

That observable traits are determined by independent units of inheritance not visible to the naked eye.

Question 9

What is blended inheritance?

Answer 9

It is the idea that parental traits become mixed and forever changed in the offspring

Question 10

What is self fertilization?

Answer 10

Both eggs and pollen come from the same plant

Question 11

What is cross fertilization?

Answer 11

Two individuals by brushing pollen from one plant onto a female organ of another plant

Question 12

What is some examples of continuous traits?

Answer 12

Hieght and skin color

Question 13

What is antagonist pairs?

Answer 13

Mutually exclusive alternative genes

Question 14

Individuals having two different alleles for a single trait are _______

Answer 14

Monohybrids

Question 15

What are monohybrids

Answer 15

Individuals having two different alleles for a single trait

Question 16

Pinned square was name d after who?

Answer 16

Reginald Punnett

Question 17

Two alleles for each trait seperate during gamete formation. Two gametes one from each parent, unite at random at fertilization is called what?

Answer 17

Law of segregation

Question 18

Phenotype are?

Answer 18

Observable characteristics

Question 19

During gamete formation different pairs of alleles segregate independently of each other is called?

Answer 19

Law of independent assortment

Question 20

Basic units of heredity is called?

Answer 20

Genes

Question 21

What is genes

Answer 21

Basic units of heredity

Question 22

Region of a DNA that encodes a protein or RNA is called

Answer 22

Genes

Question 23

What is preformation?

Answer 23

A tiny performed human resided in egg or sperm

Question 24

What is a homunculus?

Answer 24

Fully formed miniature fetus

Question 25

A fully formed miniature fetus is called

Answer 25

A homunculus

Question 26

Two different alleles for a single trait are?

Answer 26

Monohybrids

Question 27

Two different alleles for a single trait

Answer 27

Monohybrids

Question 28

Probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of probabilities that each event will occur by itself is called

Answer 28

The product rule

Question 29

What is the product rule

Answer 29

Probability of two independent events occurring together

Question 30

Probability of mutually exclusive events equals the sum of the individual probabilities is called

Answer 30

Sum rule

Question 31

What is the sum rule?

Answer 31

Probability of mutually exclusive events equals the sum of the individual

Question 32

Test cross reveals what?

Answer 32

An unknown genotype

Question 33

What are the effects of Thalassemia?

Answer 33

Reduced amounts of hemoglobin; anemia, bone, and spleen enlargement.

Question 34

What are the effects of sickle-cell anemia?

Answer 34

Abnormal hemoglobin, sickle shaped red cells, anemia, blocked circulation; increased resistance to malaria.

Question 35

What are the effects of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 35

Defective cell membrane protein; excessive mucus production, digestive and respiratory failure.

Question 36

What are the effects of Tay-Sachs disease?

Answer 36

Missing enzyme, build up of fatty deposit in brain, buildup disrupts mental development.

Question 37

What are the effects of Phenylketonuria?

Answer 37

Missing enzyme, mental deficiency.

Question 38

What are the effects of Hyperchlosterolmia?

Answer 38

Missing protein that removes cholesterol from the blood; Heart attack by age 50

Question 39

What are the effects of Huntington disease

Answer 39

Abnormal Huntington protein; progressive mental and neurological damage; neurological disorders by age 40-70

Question 40

Antigen A has what antibody?

Answer 40

B

Question 41

antigen B has what antibodies?

Answer 41

A

Question 42

Antigens A + B has what antibodies

Answer 42

Neither

Question 43

Neither A or B antigen has what antibodies

Answer 43

It has both antibodies

Question 44

Antigen A has what type of blood

Answer 44

A

Question 45

Antigen B has what type of blood

Answer 45

B

Question 46

Antigens A + B has what type of blood?

Answer 46

Type AB

Question 47

Neither A or B has what type of blood?

Answer 47

Type O

Question 48

What's is pleiotropy?

Answer 48

One gen affects many phenotypic traits l

Question 49

What is epistasis?

Answer 49

One gene completely masks the phenotype expression of another gene

Question 50

The gene that is masked is _______ to the other allele

Answer 50

Hypoststic

Question 51

What is penetrance?

Answer 51

The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that show the expected phenotype

Question 52

The percentage of individuals with a particular genotype that show the expected phenotype is called

Answer 52

Penetrance

Question 53

Mutation is present yet some individuals fail to develop the phenotype\symptom is?

Answer 53

Incomplete/reduced penetrance

Question 54

Mutation is present yet some individuals fail to develop the phenotype or symptom is called!

Answer 54

Incomplete or reduced penetrance

Question 55

What is expressivity?

Answer 55

Severity or extent of expression.

Question 56

Severity or extent of expression is called

Answer 56

Expressivity

Question 57

What is phocomelia?

Answer 57

A congenital disorder, in which the terminal portion of the limb is attached directly to the trunk.

Question 58

What is a congenital disorder, in which the terminal portion of the limb is attached directly to the trunk

Answer 58

Phocomelia

Question 59

Mutation is in ________ Gene that encodes for a fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 protein.

Answer 59

FGFR3

Question 60

Lack of the receptor yields

Answer 60

Stunted growth

Question 61

What is the phenotypic result for IaIa?

Answer 61

Type A blood

Question 62

What is the phenotypic ratio for Iaia?

Answer 62

Type A blood

Question 63

What is the phenotypic ratio for I

Answer 63

Type O blood

Question 64

An example of a genetic disorder for incomplete dominance is?

Answer 64

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 65

Reduced amounts of hemoglobin; anemia, bone, and spleen enlargement is what genetic disease?

Answer 65

Thalassemia

Question 66

Abnormal hemoglobin; sickle-shaped red cells, anemia, blocked circulation; increased resistance to malaria is what genetic disease?

Answer 66

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 67

Defective cell membrane protein; excessive mucus production; digestive and respiratory failure is what genetic disease?

Answer 67

Cystic-fibrosis

Question 68

Missing enzyme; buildup of fatty deposit in brain; buildup disrupts mental development

Answer 68

Tay-Sachs disease

Question 69

Missing enzyme; mental deficiency is genetic disease?

Answer 69

Phenylketonuria PKU

Question 70

Missing protein that removes cholesterol from the blood is what genetic disease?

Answer 70

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 71

Abnormal Huntington protein; progressive mental and neurological damage is what genetic disease?

Answer 71

Huntington disease

Question 72

What genetic diseases is caused by a dominant allele?

Answer 72

Hypercholesterolemia and Huntington disease