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Organic Chemistry > Chapter 2 - Alkanes And Cycloalkanes > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Alkanes And Cycloalkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Compounds that only contain C and H atoms.

A

Hydrocarbons

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2
Q

Carbon-carbon single bonds

A

Saturated

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3
Q

Carbon-carbon multiple bonds

A

Unsaturated

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4
Q

Special class of cyclic compounds related in structure to benzene.

A

Aromatic

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5
Q

o Hydrocarbon single bonds
o Acyclicalkanes

A

Alkanes

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6
Q

General formula for Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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7
Q

Bond angle of alkanes

A

109.5 degrees (sp3 hybridized)

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8
Q

Simplest Alkane

A

Methane (CH4)

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9
Q

Meaning of IUPAC

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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10
Q

True or False:

Alkanes are
- soluble in water
- nonpolar
- have higher boiling points

A

False
(Insoluble, nonpolar, lower boiling points)

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11
Q

Strongest intermolecular forces

A

Hydrogen bonding

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12
Q

Interconvertible by rotation around a single bond

A

Conformations

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13
Q

Stereoisomers where atoms are connected in the same order but arranged differently in space

A

Conformers

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14
Q

Staggered and eclipsed conformations of ethane

A

Rotamers

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15
Q

It is the most stable (lowest potential energy) of all ethane conformations

A

Staggered conformation

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16
Q

It is the least stable (highest potential energy) of all ethane conformations

A

Eclipsed conformation

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17
Q

Molecular formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2

18
Q

• Smallest ring structure possible
• Rigid and very highly strained (more reactive) as the
bond angles (60 degrees) are distorted from ideals
(109.5 degrees)

A

Cyclopropane

19
Q

• “puckered” conformation
• More flexible than cyclopropane and not flat
• More reactive than a linear alkane

A

Cyclobutane

20
Q

• “envelope’ conformation
• Less strained
• More flexible than cyclobutene
• Bond angle ~105 degrees

A

Cyclopentane

21
Q

• “Chair” conformation
• Highly flexible
• Can adopt a strain free non-planar conformation with
bond angle of 109.5

A

Cyclohexane

22
Q

It is where all equatorial H become axial and axial become equatorial

A

Ring inversion or “chair-chair” flip

23
Q

Substituents are on the opposite side

A

Trans

24
Q

Substituents are on the same side

A

Cis

25
Q

• Contain carbon atoms arranged in a ring.
• Named by adding the prefix cyclo-

A

Cycloalkanes

26
Q

The attractive forces that exist between molecules.

A

Intermolecular forces

27
Q

What is the order of increasing strength (intermolecular forces)

a. dipole-dipole interactions
b. hydrogen bonding
c. london dispersion forces

A

c, a, b

28
Q

forces are very weak interactions due to the momentary changes in electron density in a molecule.

A

London dispersion

29
Q

True or False:

Not all covalent compounds exhibit London dispersion forces.

A

False
(All exhibit this type)

30
Q

True or False:

The larger the molecule, the larger the attractive force, and the stronger the intermolecular forces.

A

True

31
Q

Attractive forces between the permanent dipoles of 2 polar molecules

A

Dipole-dipole

32
Q

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to what atoms? (3)

A

O, N, or F

33
Q

Shows the interconversion via a 60° rotation about the C-C bond, as shown by the curved arrows

A

Sawhorse drawing

34
Q

An end-on view down the C-C axis.

A

Newman projection

35
Q

Type of Stereoisomer:

both group are located on the same side of the conformation. two groups can be on axial or in equatorial position

A

Trans stereoisomer

36
Q

Type of stereoisomer:

two groups are located on the opposite side of the conformation. One is on axial position and the other group is on equatorial position.

A

Cis stereoisomer

37
Q

Substitution reaction in which a chlorine atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom.

A

Chlorination

38
Q

Substitution reaction in which a bromine atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom.

A

Bromination

39
Q

What do you call the products when excess halogen is present?

A

Polyhalogenated products

40
Q

What do you call the product of an unsubstituted cycloalkanes?

A

Single and pure organic product

41
Q

Halogenation occurs via what reaction?

A

free-radical chain of reactions.

42
Q

Steps for the free-radical chain mechanism of halogenation (3)

A

➢ chain-initiating step,
➢ chain-propagating steps
➢ chain-terminating steps

Organic Chemistry (6 decks)

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