Chapter 2: Actions of the Nervous System Flashcards
Stress
Situations that trigger physical and emotional reactions
Stressor
the situation
Stress response
the reactions
Two systems in your body responsible for physical responses to the environment
Nervous system – consists of brain , spinal cord, nerves
Part of the nervous system is under voluntary control (ex. raise you hand in class)
Endocrine system – consists of glands, various tissues
Helps to regulate body functions by the release of various hormones into the blood stream
Two divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic division
In conttol Relaxed
Sympathetic division
Arousal
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messages and actions of sympathetic nerves cause the release of key
hormones
Homeostasis
Hormones trigger physiological changes, including
Heart rate accelerates
Perspiration increases
Brain releases endorphins
These changes are called the fight-or-flight reaction
Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Stressors
Responses
Vary from person to person
Perception and reactions vary greatly
Not all stress is negative
Effective responses to stress include:
Talking, laughing, exercise, and improved time management
Ineffective responses to stress include:
Overeating, hostility, procrastination, frustration
Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Stressors, depends to
Personality
Cultural background
Gender
Experience
Eustress:
Brought on by a pleasant stressor
Distress:
Brought on by an unpleasant stressor Response pattern to all stressors Alarm Fight-or-Flight reaction Resistance Exhaustion
Allostatic Load:
Long-term wear and tear of the stress response
Psychoneuroimmunology
The study of ….
Complex network of nerve and chemical connections between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems
Cardiovascular disease
Chronic high blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Heart attacks
Strokes
Psychological problems
Affects focus, judgment, and the ability to think clearly Depression Panic attacks Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Altered functioning of the immune system Digestive problems Headaches/migraines Insomnia Injuries Menstrual irregularities Impotence Pregnancy complications
Managing Stress
Social Support Communication Exercise Nutrition Sleep How sleep works Sleep and stress Sleep problems Insomnia Sleep apnea
Cognitive Techniques
Think and act constructively Take control Problem-solve Modify your expectations Stay positive Practice affirmations Cultivate your sense of humor Focus on what’s important
