Chapter 2 - a Juvenile Justice System: Then and Now Flashcards
Then and Now
A term used to refer to 19th-century North American middle-class reformers who were instrumental in the creation of a seperate system of justice for juveniles.
Child Savers
A model of juvenile justice based on a rehabilitative philosophy.
Welfare-Based Juvenile Justice System
A doctrine based on English common law that gives the state the power to take on a guardian or parenting role for children.
Parens Patriae
In the Canadian Criminal Code, refers to offences that are of a serious nature; the maximum sentence is never less than two years.
Indictable
A sentence of the court that involves supervision in the community and set conditions that must be adhered to if the person is to remain in the community.
Probation
Behaviours considered to be illegal only because of the age of the individual (e.g. Truancy).
Status Offences
Children and youth are held accountable by the justice system, but not in a full capacity as compared to adults.
Limited Accountability
Refers in this text to a philosophy and orientation to criminal justice that posts the rule of law as the primary means of achieving a “just” justice system.
Justice Model
A particular model of criminal or juvenile justice that is not in strict adherence to a pure justice philosophy.
Modified-Justice Model
A theoretical model representing a retributive set of beliefs and philosophies about crime and justice.
Crime-Control Model
A justice model that focuses on the harm caused by crime and seeks to repair the damage done to offenders, victims, and communities.
Restorative Justice
In restorative-justice models, this involves offenders making amends in any of a variety of ways to their victims for the harm done by the offence.
Reparation
A correctional concept referring to policies and program designed to introduce offenders back into their communities as productive, participating, law-abiding members.
Reintegration
Divided into two parts.
Bifurcated
Referees to the tendency toward a never-ending cycle of juvenile justice reform common in Western society.
Cycle of Juvenile Justice
