Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 120 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three points of the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
  3. Cells arise only from the division of pre-existing cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the diameter of multicellular animal cells? Plant cells?

A

Animal- 5-30 um

Plant- 10- few hundred um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are light microscopes?

A

Use light to illuminate a specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

Use electron to view specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is magnification?

A

The ratio of the object as viewed to its real size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is resolution? How does wavelength affect resolution?

A

The minimum distance by which two points in the specimen can be separated and still be seen as two points

The shorter the wavelength, the better the resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

Surface area to volume ratio

Doubling the diameter of the cell multiplies it’s volume by 8 but multiplied it’s surface area by 4

Smaller the cell the less area to defend and less area to transport things across a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Organelles
Cytosol
Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the DNA containing central region of the cell in prokaryotes?

A

Nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are ribosomes and their function?

A

They are small roughly spherical particles in the cytoplasm that use the information in the mRNA to assemble amino acids into to proteins
Site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What coats the cell wall?

A

Layer of polysaccharides called
Glycocalyx

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pili?

A

Hairlike shafts of protein extending from cell walls

Function is to attach the cell to surfaces or other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the four groups of eukaryotes?

A

Protists, fungi, animals, and plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are lamins?

A

A network of protein filaments that line and reinforce the inner surface of the nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is nucleoplasm?

A

The liquid or semi-liquid substance within the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Difference between chromatin and chromosome?

A

Chromatin is any collection of eukaryotic DNA with their associated proteins and chromosome is one complete DNA molecule with its associated proteins

17
Q

What are golgi complexes?

A

Located near concentrations of rough ER membranes
Receive proteins that were made in ER and transported to the complex in vesicles
It regulates the movement of several types of proteins

18
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

A secretary vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and spills the vesicles contents to the outside

(Pushin out) exo

19
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Materials from the cell exterior are enclosed in a segment of the plasma membrane that pockets inward and pinched off as an endocytic vesicle

(Takes in)

20
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Small membrane bound vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of many complex molecules

Found only in animals

21
Q

What is the lysosomes equivalent in plant cells?

A

The central vacuole fulfills the functions of the lysosomes in plant cells

22
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

A process in which some types of cells engulf bacteria or other cellular debris to break them down

23
Q

What does cellular respiration start with and end with? Where does his take place in the mitochondria

A

Starts with energy rich molecules such as sugars, fats and other fuels that get broken down to water and carbon dioxide while producing energy

Takes place in the matrix and cristae

24
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A

Maintains the characteristic shape and internal organization of each type of cell through the interconnected system of protein fibres and tubes that extend throughout the cytoplasm

25
Q

What are microtubules and microfilaments?

A

Microtubules are microscopic tubes that function like tubes engineers use to construct support structures
They also separate and move chromosomes driving cell division
Microfilaments are thin protein fibres that are involved in structural and locomotor functions

26
Q

What are intermediate filaments?

A

Provide structural support in many cells (look at diagram of all three on page 42)

27
Q

Where do cilia and flagella arise from?

A

Centrioles

28
Q

What are chloroplasts, Amyoplasts and chromoplasts?

A

Chloro- site of photosynthesis
Amyo- colourless plastids that store starch
Chromo- contain red and yellow pigments and are responsible for colours of ripening fruits or autumn leaves

29
Q

What is the thylakoids, granny and chlorophyll in chloroplasts?

A

Thylakoids- flattened closed sacs
Granum- stacks of thylakoids
Chlorophyll- a green pigment that is the primary molecule absorbing light

30
Q

What is the tonoplast?

A

The membrane that surrounds the central vacuole

31
Q

What is the plasmodesmata?

A

Perforates the cell wall with minute channels

32
Q

What are cell adhesion molecules, cell junctions, and extracellular matrix?

A

Cell adhesion molecules bind cells together, more complex cell junctions seal the spaces between cells and provide direct communication between cells, and the extracellular matrix supports and protects cells and provides mechanical linkages

33
Q

What are the three types of cell junctions common in animal tissue?

A

Anchoring junctions- form buttonlike spots that run around the cell welding adjacent cells together
Tight junctions- regions of tight connections between membranes of adjacent cells
Gap junction- opens direct channels that allow ions and small molecules to pass directly across cells

34
Q

What is the ECM? What is the main component of it?

A

The extracellular Matrix provides protection and support and forms the mass of skin bones and tendons

Glycoproteins are the main component

Biology 120 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions