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Antaomy Chapter 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define covalent bond

A

Sharing electrons

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2
Q

Define ionic bond

A

Donating electrons

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3
Q

Define hydrogen bonding

A

A weak interaction between the hydrogen atom on one molecule a negatively charged portion of another molecule

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4
Q

Define anabolism

A

The synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors

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5
Q

Define electrolyte

A

Soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution

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6
Q

Define isotopes

A

Forms of an element whose Atoms contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons thus differ and atomic mass

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7
Q

Define hydrophilic

A

Freely associating with water readily entering into a solution water loving

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8
Q

Define polymer

A

A large molecule containing of a long chain of monomer subunits

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9
Q

Define mole

A

A quantity of an element or compound having a mass in grams equal to the elements atomic weight or to the compounds molecular weight

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10
Q

Define decomposition

A

A chemical reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments

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11
Q

Define carbohydrates

A

And a organic compound containing carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio that of proximates 1 to 2 to 1

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12
Q

Define peptide bond

A

A covalent bond between the amino group of One amino acid in the carboxyl group of another

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13
Q

Define coenzymes

A

Complex organic cofactors most are structurally related to vitamins

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14
Q

Define cofactors

A

Ions or molecules that must be attached to the active site before and enzyme can function examples include mineral ions and several vitamins

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15
Q

Define hydrophobic

A

Incapable of freely associating with water molecules insoluble in water fearing

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16
Q

Define ion

A

An atom or Molecule having a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain respectively of one or more electrons

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17
Q

Define catabolism

A

The breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler components accompanied by the release of energy

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18
Q

Define synthesis

A

Manufacture anabolism

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19
Q

Define enzyme

A

A protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction

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20
Q

What are lipids made from

A

Carbon hydrogen oxygen

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21
Q

What are proteins made from

A

Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and also NH2, amino, and a carboxyl group

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22
Q

What are nucleic acid’s made from

A

Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and and phosphate

23
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide

24
Q

What is the monomer for lipids

A

Triglyceride

25
Q

What is the monomer of proteins

A

Amino acid’s

26
Q

What is the monomer for nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide

27
Q

What is the polymer for carbohydrates

A

Polysaccharide or disaccharide

28
Q

What is the polymer for lipids

A

Saturated or unsaturated or trans fats

29
Q

What is the polymer for proteins

A

Polypeptide

30
Q

What is the polymer for nucleic acid’s

A

DNA and RNA

31
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates

A

Short term energy and cell structure

32
Q

What is the function of lipids

A

Long-term energy and nerve connection and steroids and cell membranes and insulation and protection

33
Q

What is the function of proteins

A

Enzymes and transport and tell the cells how to act and muscles and structures and hormones and indicators on our blood cells

34
Q

What is the function of nucleic acid’s

A

Instructions for proteins and replication and genetics

35
Q

Define acid

A

Any solute that dissociates in solution and releases hydrogen ions lowering the pH

36
Q

Define base

A

Absolute that removed hydrogen ions from a solution raising the pH

37
Q

Examples of inorganic acids

A

Urine, stomach acid, vinegar, beer

38
Q

Examples of organic acids

A

Hydrochloride acid

39
Q

Define pH

A

A solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter

40
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose

41
Q

Function of monosaccharides

A

Energy source

42
Q

What are monosaccharides

A

Manufactured in the body and obtained from food; distributed in body fluids

43
Q

Examples of disaccharide

A

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

44
Q

What is the function of disaccharide

A

Energy source

45
Q

How do disaccharides function

A

They must be broken down to monosaccharides before absorption

46
Q

Examples of polysaccharide

A

Glycogen

47
Q

What is the function of polysaccharides

A

Storage of glucose

48
Q

What do polysaccharides do

A

Glycogen in animal cells, other starches and cellulose are within of around plant cells

49
Q

What is the function of fatty acids?

A

Energy source, absorbed from food or synthesized in cells, transported in the blood

50
Q

What is the function of phospholipids

A

Derived from fatty acids and no lipid components; structural components of plasma membranes

51
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A

Accumulate lipid soluble vitamins, drugs, or toxins that appear in the body.

52
Q

What is the function of cholesterol

A

It is a steroid; cell growth and division; in animal cells, boundary; hormones

53
Q

How are amino acids chemically bonded?

A

Peptide bond

Antaomy Chapter 1 (7 decks)

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