Chapter 2 Flashcards
Define covalent bond
Sharing electrons
Define ionic bond
Donating electrons
Define hydrogen bonding
A weak interaction between the hydrogen atom on one molecule a negatively charged portion of another molecule
Define anabolism
The synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors
Define electrolyte
Soluble inorganic compounds whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution
Define isotopes
Forms of an element whose Atoms contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons thus differ and atomic mass
Define hydrophilic
Freely associating with water readily entering into a solution water loving
Define polymer
A large molecule containing of a long chain of monomer subunits
Define mole
A quantity of an element or compound having a mass in grams equal to the elements atomic weight or to the compounds molecular weight
Define decomposition
A chemical reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments
Define carbohydrates
And a organic compound containing carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio that of proximates 1 to 2 to 1
Define peptide bond
A covalent bond between the amino group of One amino acid in the carboxyl group of another
Define coenzymes
Complex organic cofactors most are structurally related to vitamins
Define cofactors
Ions or molecules that must be attached to the active site before and enzyme can function examples include mineral ions and several vitamins
Define hydrophobic
Incapable of freely associating with water molecules insoluble in water fearing
Define ion
An atom or Molecule having a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain respectively of one or more electrons
Define catabolism
The breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler components accompanied by the release of energy
Define synthesis
Manufacture anabolism
Define enzyme
A protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction
What are lipids made from
Carbon hydrogen oxygen
What are proteins made from
Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and also NH2, amino, and a carboxyl group
What are nucleic acid’s made from
Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen and and phosphate
What is the monomer for carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer for lipids
Triglyceride
What is the monomer of proteins
Amino acid’s
What is the monomer for nucleic acid
Nucleotide
What is the polymer for carbohydrates
Polysaccharide or disaccharide
What is the polymer for lipids
Saturated or unsaturated or trans fats
What is the polymer for proteins
Polypeptide
What is the polymer for nucleic acid’s
DNA and RNA
What is the function of carbohydrates
Short term energy and cell structure
What is the function of lipids
Long-term energy and nerve connection and steroids and cell membranes and insulation and protection
What is the function of proteins
Enzymes and transport and tell the cells how to act and muscles and structures and hormones and indicators on our blood cells
What is the function of nucleic acid’s
Instructions for proteins and replication and genetics
Define acid
Any solute that dissociates in solution and releases hydrogen ions lowering the pH
Define base
Absolute that removed hydrogen ions from a solution raising the pH
Examples of inorganic acids
Urine, stomach acid, vinegar, beer
Examples of organic acids
Hydrochloride acid
Define pH
A solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter
Examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose
Function of monosaccharides
Energy source
What are monosaccharides
Manufactured in the body and obtained from food; distributed in body fluids
Examples of disaccharide
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is the function of disaccharide
Energy source
How do disaccharides function
They must be broken down to monosaccharides before absorption
Examples of polysaccharide
Glycogen
What is the function of polysaccharides
Storage of glucose
What do polysaccharides do
Glycogen in animal cells, other starches and cellulose are within of around plant cells
What is the function of fatty acids?
Energy source, absorbed from food or synthesized in cells, transported in the blood
What is the function of phospholipids
Derived from fatty acids and no lipid components; structural components of plasma membranes
What is the function of triglycerides?
Accumulate lipid soluble vitamins, drugs, or toxins that appear in the body.
What is the function of cholesterol
It is a steroid; cell growth and division; in animal cells, boundary; hormones
How are amino acids chemically bonded?
Peptide bond
