Chapter 2

Question 1

Acoustic Phonetics

Answer 1

concerned with the physical characteristics of the sounds of speech

Question 2

Articulatory Phonetics

Answer 2

concerned with the production of speech sounds

Question 3

Auditory Phonetics

Answer 3

concerned with the perception of speech sounds

Question 4

segments

Answer 4

the individual units of the speech stream; segments can be divided into consonants and vowels

Question 5

suprasegmental

Answer 5

phonetic characteristic of speech sounds, such as tone, length, intonation or stress, that rides on top of segmental features

Question 6

diphthongs

Answer 6

complex vowels, composed of a sequence of two different configurations of the vocal tract

Question 7

monophthongs

Answer 7

simple vowels, composed of a single configuration of the vocal tract

Question 8

articulation

Answer 8

the motion or positioning of some part of the vocal tract with respect to some other part of the vocal tract in the production of a speech sound

Question 9

segmental features

Answer 9

phonetic characteristics of speech sounds such as voicing, place and manner of articulation

Question 10

manner of articulation

Answer 10

how the air stream is modified by the vocal tract to produce sound

Question 11

fricatives

Answer 11

sounds made by forming a nearly complete obstruction of the airstream so that when air passes through the small passage, turbulent airflow is produced. ([f], [v], [s], [z], [h] [θ] [ð] [ʒ]

Question 12

affricates

Answer 12

sounds made by briefly stopping the airstream completely and then releasing the articulators so that frication noise is produced. [tʃ] [dʒ]

Question 13

nasals

Answer 13

sounds produced with the velum lowered, opening the nasal passage to the vocal tract. [m] [n]

Question 14

liquids

Answer 14

involve a substantial constriction of the vocal tract, but the constrictions are not narrow enough to block the vocal tract or cause turbulence . [l] [d] [ɹ]

Question 15

glides

Answer 15

made with only a slight closure of the articulators so that if the vocal tract were any more open, the result would be a vowel sound

Question 16

intonation

Answer 16

pattern of pitch movements across a stretch of speech

Question 17

stress

Answer 17

property of syllables in which one syllable is more prominent than an unstressed one due to having greater loudness, longer duration, different pitch, or full vowels

Question 18

glottal

Answer 18

sounds produced at the larynx

Question 19

velar

Answer 19

sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the velum

Question 20

spectogram

Answer 20

a three dimensional representation of sound in which the vertical axis represents frequency, the horizontal axis represents time and the darkness of shading represents amplitude