Chapter 2 Flashcards
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Four Main Computer Functions
It gathers data or allows users to enter data.
Input
It manipulates, calculates, or organizes that data into information.
Process
It displays data and information in a form suitable for the user.
Output
It saves data and information for later use.
Storage
Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion; the result, or output that users require at the end of a job.
Information
Numbers, words, pictures or sounds that represent facts, figures or ideas; the raw input that users have at the start of a job.
Data
Manipulating or organizing data into information
Processing
The language computers use to process data into information, consisting of only the values of 0 and 1.
Binary Language
A digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computer’s switches. A bit contains the value of 0 or 1.
Binary Digit (Bit)
Eight binary digits (bits)
Byte
A unit of computer storage equal to approximately 1,000 Bytes
Kilobyte (KB)
A unit of computer storage equal to approximately 1 million bytes.
Megabyte (MB)
About a Billion bytes
Gigabyte
1,099,511,627,776 bytes or two to the 40th power bytes.
Terabyte (TB)
10 to the 15th power of digital information.
Petabyte (PB)
Any part of a computer or computer system you can physically touch.
Hardware
The set of computer programs or instructions that tells the computer what to do and enables it to perform different tasks.
Software
The set of programs on a computer that helps a user carry out tasks such as word processing , sending email, balancing a budget, creating presentations, editing photos, taking an online course, and playing games.
Application Software
The set of programs that enables a computers hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programs.
System Software
The system software that controls the way in which a computer functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals and software.
Operating System (OS)
A mobile computer, such as the Apple iPad or Samsung Galaxy tab, integrated into a flat, multi-touch sensitive screen. It uses an onscreen virtual keyboard, but separate keyboards can be connected via Bluetooth or wireless.
Tablet Computer
A portable computer with a keyboard, a monitor, and other devices integrated into a single compact case.
Laptop (Notebook) Computer
A full featured but lightweight laptop computer that features a low power processor and a solid state drive. It tries to reduce its size and weight to extend battery life without sacrificing performance.
Ultrabook
A laptop computer designed specifically to work with handwriting recognition technology.
Tablet (2inone)
Any laptop or tablet running chrome os as its operating system.
Chromebook
A computer that is intended for use at a single location. A desktop computer consists of a case that houses the main components of the computer, plus peripheral devices.
Desktop Computer
The metal or plastic case that holds all the physical parts of the computer together, including the computers processor, (it’s brains) it’s memory and the many circuit boards that help the computer function.
System Unit
A device such as a monitor, printer or keyboard that connects to the system unit through a data port.
Peripheral Device
A desktop system unit that houses the computers processor, memory and monitor in a single unit.
All in one computer
A large, expensive computer that supports hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and executes many different programs at the same time.
Mainframe
A specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly; used in situations in which complex models requiring intensive mathematical calculations are needed (such as weather forecasting and atomic energy research)
Supercomputer
A hardware device used to enter, or input, data (text, images and sounds) and instructions (user responses and commands) into a computer. Some input devices are keyboards and mice.
Input Device
A hardware device used to enter typed data and commands into a computer.
Keyboard
A type of monitor (or display on a smartphone or tablet computer) that accepts input from a user touching a screen.
Touch screen
A pen shapes device used to tap or write on touch sensitive screens.
Stylus
A keyboard that gets its name from the first six letters on the top left row of alphabetic keys on the keyboard.
QWERTY Keyboard
A type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances (approximately 3-300 feet depending on power. Often used to connect peripherals such as printers and keyboards to computers or headsets to cell phones.
Bluetooth Technology
A software system in which components located on networked computers interact to achieve a common goal.
Distributed (grid) Computer
A hardware device used to enter user responses and commands into a computer.
Mouse
A mouse that uses an internal sensor or laser to control the mouses movement. The sensor sends signals to the computer, telling it where to move the pointer on the screen.
Optical Mouse
A small, touch sensitive screen at the base of a laptop keyboard that that’s used to direct the cursor.
Touch Pad (trackpad)
A type of input device that inputs images into the computer.
Scanner
A common output device that displays text, graphics and video as soft copies (copies that can be seen only on screen)
Monitor
A small camera that sits on top of a computer monitor (Connected to the computer by a cable) or that’s built into a laptop computer and is usually used to transmit video.
Webcam
Software that allows you to control your computer devices by speaking into the microphone instead of using a keyboard or mouse.
Voice Recognition Software
Software Designed to perform tasks or services for individuals.
Intelligent Personal Assistant
A set of protocols that that enable devices to communicate when they are held in close proximity. NFC is commonly used for mobile payments
Near Field communication (NFC)
The technology used in flat panel monitors.
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
A common output device that creates tangible or hard copies of text and graphics.
Printer
A printer that sprays ink or uses laser beams to make marks on the paper. The most common nonimpact printers are inkjet and laser printers.
Nonimpact Printers.
A printer that has tiny hammer-like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon, thus making a mark in the paper. The most common impact printer is the dot-matrix printer.
Impact Printer
A nonimpact printer that sprays tiny drops of ink onto paper.
Inkjet Printer
A color model in which all colors are described as a mixture of four base colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Key (Black)
CMYK
A nonimpact printer known for quick and quiet high-quality printouts
Laser Printer
A device that combines the functions of a printer, scanner, copier, and fax.
All-in-one Printer
A printer that prints on oversized paper. Often used for creating banners and signs.
Large Format Printer
A printer that works either by melting wax based ink onto ordinary paper (in a process called thermal wax transfer printing) or by burning dots onto specially coated paper (in a process called direct thermal printing).
Thermal Printer
Output devices for sound.
Speakers
A system of speakers set up in such a way that it surrounds an entire area (and the people in it) with sound.
Surround-sound system
An newer, more energy efficient technology used in monitors. It may result in better color accuracy and and thinner panels than traditional LCD monitors.
Light emitting diode (LED)
Comprises computing devices, software or peripherals that use techniques, parts, and methods from an earlier time that are no longer popular.
Legacy Technology
Displays that use organic compounds to produce light when exposed to an electric current. Unlike LCD’s, OLEDS DO NOT require a backlight to function and therefore draw less power and have a much thinner display, sometimes as thin as 3mm.
Organic light emitting diode (OLED)
A single point that creates the images on a computer monitor. Pixels are illuminated by an electron beam that passes rapidly back and forth across the back of the screen so that the pixels appear to glow continuously.
Pixel
The width to height proportion of a monitor.
Aspect Ratio
The clearness or sharpness of an image, which is controlled by the number of pixels displayed on the screen.
Resolution
A device that can project images from your computer onto a wall or viewing screen.
Projector
