Chapter 2

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

Forms the upright part of the body. Consists of about 80 bones of the head, thorax and trunk

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Attaches to the axial skeleton and contains 126 bones of the extremities.

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

Hard, dense outer shell that almost completely covers bone and tends to be thick along the shaft and thin at the ends of long bones.

Question 4

Cancellous bone

Answer 4

Porous, spongy portion of the bone. It is arranged in a pattern that resists local stresses and strains. Makes up most of the articulate ends of bone.

Question 5

Epiphysis

Answer 5

The area at each end of a long bone. Area tends to be wider than the shaft.

Question 6

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 6

Longitudinal growth occurs here through the manufacturing of a new bone. Cartilaginous material

Question 7

Diaphysis

Answer 7

The main shaft of bone, that is made up of compact bone to give great strength.

Question 8

Medullary canal

Answer 8

The hollow center of the bone that helps to decreases the weight of the bone. Contains marrow and provides passage for nutrient arteries

Question 9

Endosteum

Answer 9

Membrane that lines the medullary canal.

Question 10

Osteoclasts

Answer 10

Mainly responsible for bone resorption.

Question 11

Metaphysis

Answer 11

The flared part at each end of the diaphysis. Made up mostly of cancellous bone and functions to support the epiphysis

Question 12

Periosteum

Answer 12

Thin fibrous membrane covering all of the bone except the articular surfaces that are covered with hyaline cartilage. Contains nerve and blood vessels

Question 13

Pressure epiphysis

Answer 13

Located at the ends of long bones, where it receives pressure from opposing bones that make up that joint. Where growth of long bones occur.

Question 14

Traction epiphysis

Answer 14

Located where tendons attach to bones and are subjected to a pulling or traction force. Ex- lesser and greater trochanter of the femur

Question 15

Long bones

Answer 15

Length is greater then their width. They are the largest bones in the body and make up the appendicular skeleton.

Question 16

Short bones

Answer 16

Tend to have more equal dimensions of height, length and width, giving them a cubed shape. Ex- carpals, tarsals

Question 17

Flat bones

Answer 17

Very board surface but not thick. Tend to have a curved surface rather than flat. Ex- scapula

Question 18

Irregular bones

Answer 18

Variety of mixed shapes. Composed of cancellous bone and marrow encased in a thin layer of compact bone. Ex- vertebrae

Question 19

Sesamoid bone

Answer 19

Small bones located where tendons cross the ends of long bones in the extremities. Develop within the tendon and protect it from excessive wear and tear