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PATH 370 - Pathophysiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis and adaptive responses to stressors

A

Body trying to maintain itself in a normal range

Organ system have their drills

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

Balance at ideal set range

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3
Q

Homeostatic response

A

Drill to fix a particular problem

I.e. Room temperature

Predictable series of internal events

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4
Q

Allostasis

A

The steps/efforts to achieve homeostasis

Measures taken to achieve homeostasis

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5
Q

Stress as a concept

A

Stress

Or an actual state that tension produces

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6
Q

Stress

A

Physical, Chemical, or emotional factor resulting in tension of body or mind

Or an actual state that tension produces

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7
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Stressors excite receptors,
triggers the hypothalamus,
trigger the anterior pituitary,
release adrenocorticotropic hormone, affects the adrenal cortex,
releases corticosteroids,
Which inhibits excited receptors and the anterior pituitary by anxiolytics

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8
Q

Corticosteroids

A 
Stress response of body tissues:
Gluconeogenesis
Protein catabolism
Inhibition of glucose uptake
Suppression of protein synthesis 
Stabilization of vascular reactivity 
Immune response suppression
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9
Q

Catecholamines

A 
Stress response of body tissues 
Elevation of cardiac output
Vasomotor changes 
Lipolysis 
Glycogenolysis 
Insulin suppression
Increased respiration
Enhanced blood coagulation
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10
Q

Anxiolytic

A

Break anxiety

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11
Q

Hypothalamus

A

CRH➡️ACTH

Adrenal cortex ➡️ produce corticosteroids

Get sick when stressed

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12
Q

Acute stress response

A

Alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

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13
Q

Alarm reaction

A

Fight or flight response due to stress

Allostatic state: maintain/restore homeostasis

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14
Q

Allostatic state

A

Maintain / restore homeostasis

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15
Q

Stage of resistance

A

Nervous and endocrine systems and returning the body to homeostasis

Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex

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16
Q

Hypothalamus senses a stressful stimulus (internal or external)

A

➡️Hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone
⬇️
Stimulation of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

➡️hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
⬇️
Anterior pituitary releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
⬇️
Adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids (cortisol and aldosterone)

17
Q

Stage of exhaustion

A

Body gives up

Allostatic overload

18
Q

Stressors

A

Conditions that can produce stress and endanger homeostasis

Physical, chemical, emotional, biological, social, cultural

Vary in scope , intensity , duration

19
Q

Neurohormonal mediators of stress and adaptation

A

Catecholamines

Adrenocortical steroids

20
Q

Catecholamines

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine (acute response)

Play an integral role in allostasis
Sympathico-adrenal system response mediates the fight or flight

Stimulator of fight or flight

Heart stimulation

21
Q

Adrenocortical steroids

A

Cortisol and aldosterone (chronic response )

Critical to maintain homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines

22
Q

Endorphins and enkephalins

A

Endogenous opioids

Body’s natural pain relievers

23
Q

Sex hormones

A

Estrogen, testosterone, and dehydroepuandrosterone

⬆️sympathetic (fight or flight )

Affected stress responses
This influencing allostasis

24
Q

Adaptation, coping, and illness

A

Individual stress responses, effects of stress response, adaptation, coping, adaptation and coping, distress, Allostatic overload

25
Q

Individual stress responses

A

Change with time and circumstances

26
Q

Effects of stress response

A

Influenced by genetics, culture, prior susceptibilities, pre-existing health status, allostatic state, and ability to manage stress

27
Q

Adaptation

A

Biopsychosocial process of change in response to new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin

28
Q

Coping

A

Behavioral adaptive response to a stressor

29
Q

Distress

A

Perceived inability to cope with a stressor

30
Q

Allostatic overload

A

Stress exhaustion

31
Q

Stress

A

Know if it comes with other symptoms , it will

Treat disease will reduce stress which will reduce other signs and symptoms

Pinpoint the problem and fix it

32
Q

Aldosterone

A

Sodium retention

Chronic response

Work against cateo…?

33
Q

If stress increase

A

Then steroids will increase

Then aldosterone will increase

Them sodium will increase

Then blood pressure will increase

PATH 370 - Pathophysiology (3 decks)

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