Chapter 1

Question 1

Etiology

Answer 1

Study of causes for phenomena

Question 2

Idiopathic

Answer 2

Cause is unknown

Question 3

Iatrogenic

Answer 3

Treatment/medically caused

Maybe better than nothing

Question 4

Risk factor

Answer 4

A factor that when present increases the likelihood of disease

Question 5

Pathogensis

Answer 5

Disease life story

Question 6

Clinical manifestations

Answer 6

Signs

Symptoms

Question 7

Symptom

Answer 7

Subjective feeling of abnormality in the body

Question 8

Sign

Answer 8

Objective or observed manifestation of disease

Question 9

Stages and clinical course

Answer 9

Latent period
Prodromal period
Latent period
Subclinical stage
Acute clinical course
Chronic clinical course
Exacerbation 
Remission
Convalescence
Sequels

Question 10

Latent period

Answer 10

Time between exposure and first appearance of S/S

(Remission/relapse) period where S/S of an illness become mild/silent
I.e. Gout, TB

Question 11

Prodromal period

Answer 11

First Appearance of S/S of disease

Question 12

Subclinical stage

Answer 12

Not shown clinical S/S yet

pt fxn norm, dis well establish

Question 13

Acute Clinical course

Answer 13

Severe, happens fast

Question 14

Chronic clinical course

Answer 14

Mild, long time

Question 15

Exacerbation

Answer 15

Getting worse

Question 16

Remission

Answer 16

Decrease in severity, S/S

May indicate dis is cured

Question 17

Convalescence

Answer 17

Recovery stage

Question 18

Sequela

Answer 18

(Consequences) from an illness

Question 19

Concepts of Normality in health and disease

Answer 19

Average range of values

Bell curve

Something bad happens if out of range ⬆️⬇️

95% of value = normal

Question 20

Statistical normality

Answer 20

Estimate of diseases in a normal population

Bell curve

Question 21

Reliability

Answer 21

Consistency

Test’s ability to give same results in repeated measurements
0.5% +/-

Question 22

Validity

Answer 22

How accurate they are in reading

Question 23

Predictive value

Answer 23

Percent you can predict

Testing first treatment last

Question 24

Sensitivity

Answer 24

Test is sensitive not specific

Probability that the test will be positive when applied to a person with a particular condition

I.e. TB

Question 25

Specificity

Answer 25

Probability test will be negative when applied

to the patient if have or not

Question 26

Individual factors

Answer 26

Cultural considerations; age and biological factor link; gender difference; situational differences; time variations

Question 27

Cultural considerations

Answer 27

Culture believe/background

Each culture defines health and illness in a manner that reflects their experience

Question 28

Age and biological factors link

Answer 28

Pediatric/adult/geriatrics

A normal value for a person that one age not be normal for a person another

Question 29

Gender differences

Answer 29

Relevant in both health and disease

Question 30

Situational differences

Answer 30

Determine whether the derivation for normal should be considered abnormal or an adaption mechanism

Question 31

Time variations

Answer 31

May impact how the body responds from day tonight, or at varying times

Question 32

Epidemiology

Answer 32

Study of disease distribution

Endemic disease, epidemic disease, pandemic disease

Question 33

Endemic disease

Answer 33

Local

Question 34

Epidemic disease

Answer 34

Wider

Question 35

Pandemic disease

Answer 35

Spread large

Question 36

Factors affecting patterns of disease

Answer 36

Age, ethnic group, gender, Socio economic factors/lifestyle considerations, geographic location

Question 37

Levels of prevention

Answer 37

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 38

Primary level of prevention

Answer 38

100% healthy

Question 39

Secondary level of prevention

Answer 39

Early detection, screening, and management of disease

I.e. Family Hx

Higher risk

Question 40

Tertiary level of prevention

Answer 40

After the facts = trying to reduce morbidity

Rehab, supportive care