Chapter 2, 4, and 13

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

is anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 4

atom

Answer 4

smallest unit of matter

Question 5

atomic number

Answer 5

specific number of protons

Question 6

how many elements in nature

Answer 6

92

Question 7

how many elements occur in us

Answer 7

25

Question 8

the outermost of an electron shell can hold how many electrons

Answer 8

8 electrons

Question 9

the first electron shell can hold how many electrons

Answer 9

2 electrons

Question 10

covalent bonds

Answer 10

when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons, most important in life

Question 11

ionic bonds

Answer 11

gain or lose electron, attraction between ions of opposite charges

Question 12

molecule

Answer 12

2 or more elements held together by covalent or ionic bonds

Question 13

polar covalent bonds

Answer 13

electrons shared unequally

Question 14

nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 14

electrons shared equally

Question 15

ions

Answer 15

atoms that gain or lose electrons

Question 16

electrons arrangment determines ______________.

Answer 16

the chemical properties of an atom

Question 17

What is the most outstanding chemical property of water

Answer 17

its ability to form hydrogen bonds

Question 18

cohesion

Answer 18

water molecules stick to other water molecules, produces surface tension

Question 19

adhesion

Answer 19

water molecules stick to other polar molecules

Question 20

properties of water

Answer 20

has a high specific heat, high heat of vaporization

Question 21

why does ice float

Answer 21

hydrogen bonds are stable

Question 22

buffers

Answer 22

resist change in ph

Question 23

dna is what macromolecule ?

Answer 23

nucleic acid

Question 24

dna is composed of what monomers?

Answer 24

nucleotides (ATCG)

Question 25

How are traits inherited?

Answer 25

DNA Replication

Question 26

When and where does DNA Replication occur?

Answer 26

before meiosis and mitosis, inside the nucleus

Question 27

During Meiosis 1, _______ separate

Answer 27

homologous chromosomes

Question 28

During meiosis 2, _______ separate

Answer 28

sister chromatids

Question 29

What does replication produce?

Answer 29

two identical daughter molecules of DNA

Question 30

What 3 things does DNA Replication require?

Answer 30

Parental DNA to copy, Enzymes to do the copying, nucleotide to make copy

Question 31

dna polymerase

Answer 31

key enzyme, build new strands of DNA , proofread

Question 32

helicases

Answer 32

unwind helix and form a replication bubble

Question 33

ligases

Answer 33

join the sugar phosphate

Question 34

phenotype

Answer 34

physical traits

Question 35

transcription

Answer 35

copy dna to make rna, occurs in nucleus

Question 36

translation

Answer 36

RNA to protein

Question 37

the codon AUG signals

Answer 37

start translation

Question 38

the codons UAA, UAG, and UGA signal

Answer 38

stop translation

Question 39

mutation

Answer 39

permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA