Chapter 3, 5, and 6

Question 1

The four groups of macromolecules

Answer 1

proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acid

Question 2

polysaccharides

Answer 2

long polymers made of monosaccharides linked through dehydration synthesis

Question 3

lipids consist of mainly ______ and ______ atoms

Answer 3

carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

function of lipids

Answer 4

energy storage molecules, phospholipids from membranes

Question 5

function of proteins

Answer 5

structural components, enzymes, blood protein, made up of amino acids

Question 6

What do membranes do

Answer 6

regulate what goes in and out of cells and provide surfaces for reactions, organize cells chemical activities, cell ID and recognition

Question 7

selectively permeable

Answer 7

means that some substances cross the plasma membrane more easily than others

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

when any particles move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated

Question 9

Passive transport

Answer 9

no energy used,”diffuse down concentration gradient”

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

net movement of water across a semi permeable membrane

Question 11

water moves from where it is _______ concentrated to where it is ___________ concentrated

Answer 11

more, less

Question 12

hypertonic solutions

Answer 12

higher solute concentration SHRINK

Question 13

hypotonic solutions

Answer 13

lower solute concentration SWELL

Question 14

isotonic solutions

Answer 14

same osmotic concentration WATER MOVES IN AND OUT EQUALLY

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

protein provides a portal for large molecules or polar molecules

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

requires energy (ATP) to fuel “moves substances against their concentration gradient” low to high concentration

Question 17

Endocytosis

Answer 17

used to imprort substances

Question 18

Exocytosis

Answer 18

used to export bulky molecules

Question 19

kinetic energy

Answer 19

energy of motion

Question 20

potential energy

Answer 20

stored energy, in chemical bonds

Question 21

Thermodynamics

Answer 21

study of energy transformations

Question 22

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

energy in the universe is constant

Question 23

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 23

energy conversions increase disorder of the universe

Question 24

endergonic reactions

Answer 24

require an input of energy
store energy in products
rich in potential energy

Question 25

exergonic reactions

Answer 25

release energy ex. burning wood

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

the energy currency of life

Question 27

Catalyst

Answer 27

increase rate of chemical reactions

Question 28

Inhibitor

Answer 28

substance that binds to enzyme and decreases its activity